CHAP. I.] RHAjNIXACE^. 345 



celled, each cell containing a one-seeded nut. 

 The leaves (d) are simple, and smooth, shining 

 and prickly at the edges, which are curved 

 upwards. Prinos, the Winter-berry, is a little 

 evergreen shrub, with red berries. 



ORDER LX.— RHAMNACE^. 



The most interesting genera in this order are 

 Paliurus, Zizyphus, Rhamnus, and Ceanothus. 

 Christ's Thorn {Paliurus aculeatus) is easily 

 known by its crooked prickly stem, and its sin- 

 gular fruit, which, from its resembling a head 

 with a broad flat hat on, the French call, 

 Porte-chapeau. The flowers are yellow, but 

 they are too small to be ornamental. Zizyphus 

 Jujuha differs from Paliurus chiefly in its fruit, 

 which resembles a small plum, and from the 

 fruit of which the Jujube lozenges are made. 

 There are numerous species of Rhamnus, some 

 of which are trailing- shrubs, and others low 

 trees. Some of the species, such as R. Alater- 

 nus, are evergreen shrubs, very useful in town- 

 gardens, as they are not injured by smoke ; 

 others, such as the Purging Buckthorn (R. ca- 

 tharticus)^ have deciduous, rough, feather-nerved 

 leaves, and the branchlets terminating in a 

 thorn. The berries of the plants in this division 

 are sold for dyeing yellow, under the name of 



