CUAl". IV.] 



LICHENES. 



469 



Fig. 150 — Usnka Florida. 

 {Old Trees.) 



are cup-shaped (as in 

 Ji(/. 150), are called 

 scjpliae, and when flat 

 (as inj^y. 151), apo- 

 thecia. The sporules, 

 which are very nu- 

 merous, are inclosed in 

 receptacles of various 

 forms, which are em- 

 bedded in the shields. 

 Some of the commonest lichens are Usneajlorida 

 {Jig. 150), and jR«- 

 malina fastigiata 

 {Jig. 151), both of 

 which are found 

 on old oaks, and 

 are generally call- 

 ed grey moss ; and 

 Cornicularia hetero- 

 malla {Jig. 152) is a brown mossy-looking lichen, 

 often found on the bark. 

 Other more interesting 

 lichens are — the Iceland- 

 moss {Cetraria islandica)^ 

 the Reindeer-moss {Ceno- 

 ingce, or Cladonia rangife- 

 rma), the Cup-moss (Ceno- 

 FiG. 152. myce j)yxidata)., and the 



Cornicularia hetero- ^-^ i -i / t~» 77 j» ^ • \ 



MALLA.-{ow Trees.) Orchil {liGcella tinctona). 



Fig. 151.— R.4MALINA fastigiata. 

 (Rocks and Trees.) 



