278 



Brasenia purptirea, 



St ratio tes aloides, 



Carpinus betulus and other quaternarj species; 

 further, stumps of wood as \\ « 1 1 as cis a rule) brown coal, lignite, Jurassic 

 coal, amber etc. 



All tlie mentioned constituents in the beds are verj much rolled. Some- 

 limes the beds appear as i hin. black streaks, consisting exclusively of line 

 coal dust, sometiraes as meter-thick, firmlj packed layers of larger pieces of 

 c. ml and wood. The layers have obviouslj been svashed together from mater- 

 i;ils ( .r widelj differeni origin; il is their common small weighl which has 

 led to their being collected together in special small layers. Naturally, the 

 ob\ious, dark-coloured layers in the white Huvio-glacial smiiK musl have been 

 observed earlier, bul thej were only cursorilj and occasionallj mentioned 

 in the literature, until Johnstrup :it the Naturalists' Meeting in Copen- 

 hagen 1892 cailed attention t<> the faet thai in addition to the amber and 

 coal the layers also contained seeds and fruits. 



On p|). '.»2 112 are mentioned the differeni localities trom which the 

 amber-pin-beds are known, partly in Denmark, partly outside Denmark in 

 Germanj and Sweden. 



Flora of the amber-pin-beds. 



i Rav-Pindelagenes Flora.) 



on ])]). 112 -118 a shorl summary is given ol' the earlier investigations 

 nip to 1906) on the flora ol' the amber-pin-layers. 



The Sealand amber-pin-layers contain some coal fragments concerning 

 which all authors are agreed, thai they are Rhætic or Jurassic, but a more 

 exacl botanical examination ol' these has never been made. 



The Tertiary wood lrom these layers was first investigated by Vaupell 

 (1853), later b\ Sarauw (1897). 



The determinations of the Tertiary wood by Vaupell are given on p. 

 112. those by Sarauw on p. 113 above. 



JOHNSTRUP'S rolleetions of seeds and fruits lrom the amber-pin-layers al 

 Copenhagen (Valbj Bakke and Ordrup) were determined by O. Rostrup, who 

 likewise determined Rosenkjær's collections lrom the Free Harbour of Copen- 

 hagen. In 1897 Gunnar Andersson proved on a visit to the Mineralogical 

 Museum, that the seeds of Brasenia purpurea were present in the collections 

 Ironi Ordrup and Valby Hakke. In various publieations (A. Jessen, 1899 and 

 II. N. Rosenkjær, 1906) the author and in 1906 Gunnar Andersson have given 

 contributions regarding the flora of these lavers. 



The list ]>]). 119—121 gives the species which the author has found on 

 going through a very large material, mainly collected by II. X. Rosenkjær. 



The lirst 13 species iu the list are eonsidered to be Tertiary speeies, 

 which are all more or less earbonized; some of theni are new species, some 

 are known Ironi the .lutland lignite or lrom the Tertiary layers of North 

 Germany. The great majority are common Pleistocene speeies. 



Carpolithes Hafniensis m. (PI. V. figs. 6 a— c): a carpolite of irregular dice- 

 shaped form, (i— 7 mm. in diameter. The one surface (base?) shows a distinet 

 concavily or groove (fig. 6 c), the opposite surface (fig. 6b) is arched, lighter 

 than the other smTaees of the carpolite and shows two faint indications of 

 slmllow ]>its. Each of the four remaining surfaces has a kettle-shaped eon- 



