284 



low ermosl 



uppermosl 



The temperature maximum appears within lavers VII — V (I.70 — l.oo m. 

 under the surface ol" the bog); as mentioiied we find liere all the most ther- 

 mophile species. 



The uppermost ;{."> em. ol' the peat, lavers I-II, has mouldered away so 

 mueli, tliat it is only the most resisting plant remains which has been 

 preserved. The peat in these lavers must therefore be considered to have 

 contained, before mouldering, considerably greater quantities of plant remains 

 than 1 t'ound in them, and the uppermost ol' all, the most reeent laver of the 

 peat must, as ahove menlioned, be considered to have quite disappeared, or 

 so worked in among the over-lying sand and clay (»transitional layer«), that 

 the plant remains are quite unrecognizable. 



The numerous remains of subarctic birches in the upper lavers of the 

 bog and the almost complete disappearance of the thermophile species in 

 the same layers point distinctly lo a fall in the temperature; the white frag- 

 ments of birch hark (outer hark) from lavers I and II, which I have referred 

 to Linné's old collective species Betula alba, belong in all probability to B. 

 subalpina. 



All the spruce needles in laver II are verv small; the spruce has obviously 

 not been so well-developed in this layer as in the intermediate parts of the 

 bog, where the needles are twiec as long or even longer. 



Carpinus is the only one of the thermophile species which is found in 



