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Of the animal remains found in the interglacial deposits, I may here just 

 mention those of the higher vertebrates. 



There are remarkably few remains of mammals and birds preserved in 

 our interglacial deposits. The only certain bones are those of the fallow deer 

 from Hollerup and Ejstrup. 



As mentioned above (pp. 143 and 167) the excrement of a horned deer 

 found in various bogs may perhaps come from fallow deer. 



The remaining traces of mammals are partly excrement, partly gnawed 

 parts of piants; in this way \ve obtain information on the occurrence of 

 beaver, squirrel, mouse (wood mouse?) and rat-hare. 



Of the beaver (Castor fiber) I know two traces in our interglacial lavers; 

 in the humous sand at Ejstrup was found a small piece of wood, much 

 compressed (4 cm. long, 9 by 3 mm. broad), which is obliquely cut across 

 at the one end; the section shows distinct traces of gnawing teeth corre- 

 sponding in size to those of the beaver. 



The squirrel (Sciurus vulgarisj has left its marks on a number of 

 gnawed fir cones in the humous sand at Ejstrup, and Prof. Stolley has 

 given me a fir cone from the interglacial bog on Sylt which has been gnawed 

 by squirrels. 



Mouse (Wood mouse?). In various deposits described in the foregoing, 

 excrements have been found of a small rodent along with mouse-gnawed 

 hazel nuts (cf. PI. XIII); both the excrement and the marks may possibly 

 come from the wood mouse (Mus sylvaticusj. 



Rat-hare {Lagomys sp.). In the loose masses of tundra surfaces in the 

 upper moraine at Kolding (p. 235 and 236) numerous small, spherical or lentil- 

 shaped excrement were found, which in the opinion of Vice-inspector H. 

 Winge might come from a rat-hare. 



The comparisons I have made later with the excrement of Lagomys 

 species speak greatly in favour of the correctness of Winge's opinion. From 

 Stockholm I have obtained on loan through Prof. W. Leche a spirit prepared 

 example of Lagomys alpinus from Altai; cutting up the rectum I removed 3 

 pieces of excrement; they were spherical and a little larger than the fossils. 



Through Prof. G. Tanfiljew in Odessa I obtained a larger collection of 

 the excrement of Lagomys pasillus, which in size, form and structure agree 

 remarkably well with the fossils. 



This characteristic excrement, which has obviously been spherical origin- 

 ally, has become lentil-shaped as a rule under pressure; its dimensions are 

 now 3—4 mm. by 1—2 mm. It is composed of finely masticated pieces of 

 piants. 



Pallas (1778), who described this species, mentions its small, rounded 

 excrement, which exactly resembles hare excrement in miniature. The species 

 is known from the pleistocene deposits of Middle Europe (»steppe fauna«), 

 but has not previously been found in Denmark. 



Nehring (1890, pp. 84—85 etc.) maintains, however, in conjunction with 

 Pallas, Andr. Wagner, Eversmaxn and others, that Lagomys pusillus is di- 

 stinctly a steppe animal; but as the above-mentioned excrement is found in 

 company with Betula nana, Arclostaphylos alpina and other arctic piants, it 

 comes rather from one of the Lagomys species which lives in the tundra. 

 It seems most reasonable therefore to take into consideration the small, 

 northern rat-hare occurring in the northern and eastern Siberia (Lagomys 

 hyperboreus Pallas), which is of almost the same size as Lagomys pusillus, 



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