PLANTS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 63 



also, that James Goldie, the Scottish botanist, traveled through 

 them early in the nineteenth century, and earlier still Peter Kalm, 

 the Swede, probably touched the western border of the region, as 

 he secured the Helonias and submitted it to Linnaeus for descrip- 

 tion. 



William Bartram and, probably, John Bartram, his father, 

 were undoubtedly familiar with the "Pines" and were probably 

 the first botanists to explore the region, although they, so far as 

 I am aware, published nothing relative to it. 



In Edwards' Gleanings of Natural History, London, 1758, 

 where are described a number of birds submitted by William 

 Bartram to the author, we find a figure of the "Gentian of the 

 Desert" reproduced from a drawing by Bartram, which is clearly 

 Gentiana porphyrio, so characteristic of the remote portions of 

 the Pine Barrens. Some of the plants sent by Bartram to 

 Linnaeus and named by the latter, such as Blcphariglottis ble- 

 phariglottis, the white- fringed orchis, undoubtedly came from 

 the New Jersey coastal plain, although Linnaeus records them 

 from Pennsylvania, the name of Bartram being so closely identi- 

 fied with the latter State that it was taken for granted that all his 

 local collections came from there. 



During the first half of the nineteenth century the barrens were 

 visited by wagon from Philadelphia or Burlington and there was 

 considerable travel over the long sandy roads, as the fishermen- 

 farmers of the coast were constantly bringing their produce 

 across the State to market and returning with necessary supplies. 



Audubon made the journey across to Great Egg Harbor on 

 one of these produce wagons and describes the trip in his episode 

 entitled "Great Egg Harbour," p. 606, vol. HI of his Ornitho- 

 logical Biography. There were several half-way houses and 

 other taverns where travelers could rest and procure refeshments, 

 and a number of forges — many of them now only names on the 

 map — were extracting iron from the bog ore which before the 

 discovery of better deposits in the west had a marketable value. 



Dr. John Torrey, when twenty-two years of age, made a wagon 

 trip from Philadelphia to South Amboy during the latter part of 

 June, 1 8 18, in company with William Cooper, and, fortunately, 



