6 PINACEAE. 



rather narrow, acutish; staminate cones about 2 cm. long; fruiting 

 cones 12-18 cm. long, 5-6 cm. thick; scales large, rather thick; 

 bracts somewhat exceeding the scales; seeds including wing about 

 10 mm. long; cotyledons 9-12. 



Rather common in all our mountains except the Santa Monica. 

 Ranging mostly from 2000-5000 feet altitude, being confined for 

 the most part to canyons and north slopes in the upper portions of 

 the chaparral belt and extending into the pine belt. 



3. ABIES Link. Fir. 



Evergreen trees with sessile leaves appearing 2-ranked 

 by a twist of the petiole leaving a circular scar on the 

 smooth branches, more or less flattened and emarginate, 

 bearing stomata only or mainly on the lower surface, 

 with 2 longitudinal resin-ducts mostly close to the epi- 

 dermis on the lower side. Staminate cones oval or cylin- 

 dric, scales terminating in a knob, bearing 2 anthers, 

 these transversely dehiscent. Pistillate cones erect, the 

 bract much larger than the scale. Fruiting cones erect, 

 maturing the first year, scales and enclosed or exserted 

 membranous bracts falling at maturity from the persist- 

 ent axis. Seeds partly and permanently enclosed by 

 the base of the wing; cotyledons 4-10. 



1. A. concolor (Gord.) Parry. (White Fir.) Often becoming 

 a large tree with rough grayish bark; leaves obtuse, pale green, 

 with stomata on both sides, 2-3 cm. long or on young trees often 

 5 cm. long, convex above, somewhat falcate; mature cones oblong- 

 cylindric, 8-12 cm. long, 3-4 cm. thick, pale green; scales 24-30 

 mm. broad, but little over half as long; bracts short enclosed, trun- 

 cate or emarginate, with or without a short mucro; wing of the 

 seeds oblique, as broad as long; cotyledons 5-7. 



Frequent in the coniferous forests of the San Gabriel, San Ber- 

 nardino, San Jacinto and Cuyamaca Mountains. 



4. LIBOCEDRUS Endl. Incense Cedar. 



Evergreen aromatic trees with thin fibrous bark and 

 scattered flattened branches. Leaves scale-like, adnate 

 and imbricate in 4 rows, oblong, with free acute tips, 

 somewhat dimorphous. Staminate cones of 12-16 sub- 

 peltate broadly ovate pointed scales, bearing usually 

 4 pollen-sacs. Pistillate cones composed of 4-6 small 

 coriaceous valvate scales, only the middle pair fertile; 

 ovules 2. Mature cones oblong, scales oblong; seeds 

 unequally 2-winged, maturing the first year. 



