8 PINACEAE. 



6. JUNIPERUS L. Juniper. 



Low dioecious or monoecious shrubs or trees, with 

 mostly thin shredded bark and evergreen binate or ter- 

 nate, free and subulate or adnate and scale-Hke leaves, 

 not 2-ranked. Cones small, solitary, axillary or terminal 

 upon short lateral branchlets; scales few, decussately 

 binate or ternate. Staminate cones oblong-ovate; an- 

 ther-cells 4-8 under each shield-shaped scale. Pistillate 

 cone of 2 or 3 series of fleshy scales, with 2 erect ovules to 

 each scale, becoming united into a blue-black or reddish 

 drupe in fruit and ripening the second year. Seeds 1-12, 

 bony; cotyledons usually 2, rarely 4-6. 



1. J. califomica Carr. (California Juniper.) Shrub usually 

 much branched, with stout, spreading branches and branchlets; 

 leaves scale-like, closely appressed, usually 3 in a whorl, ovate to 

 oblong, 5 mm. long, yellow-green, distinctly glandular pitted on the 

 back, bluntly pointed; berries at first bluish with a dense bloom, 

 at maturity reddish brown beneath the bloom, globose-oblong, 

 12-18 mm. long, nearly smooth, the pulp firm, dry and sweetish; 

 seeds 1 or 2, ovoid, sharp-pointed and angled, 6-9 mm. long, light 

 brown and shining above, dull and yellowish toward the base; 

 cotyledons 4-6. 



South of the Tehachapi Mountains this species is chiefly restricted 

 to the desert slopes of the mountains, entering the coastal region 

 only in the interior arid regions. In the vicinity of Los Angeles it 

 is found in the San Gabriel Wash near Azusa and in San Fernando 

 Valley. 



2. J. occidentalis Hook. (Western Juniper.) A tree, usually 

 about 8 m. high, but occasionally 20 m. high, with a trunk 5-15 dm. or 

 rarely 25 dm. in diameter; branches often very large, spreading at 

 right angles and forming aflat top; bark about 7-10 cm. thick, cinna- 

 mon brown, divided into wide low irregularly connected ridges, 

 separating at the surface into thin scales; leaves in 3's, closely 

 appressed, acute or acuminate, conspicuously glandular and rounded 

 on the back, 3 mm. long, gray-green, the margins slightly denticulate; 

 staminate flowers with 12-18 stamens; berries rounded to oblong, 

 6-8 mm. long, blue-black at maturity beneath the glaucous bloom; 

 seeds 2-3, ovate, acute, rounded and grooved or pitted on the 

 back, 3 mm. long; cotyledons 2. 



In southern California it is found chiefly above the Yellow Pine 

 belt; Mt. San Antonio near the summit; Pine Lake, San Bernardino 

 Mountains. 



FamUy 2. TYPHACEAE. Cat-tail Family. 



Marsh or aquatic herbs with creeping rootstocks and 

 solid cylindric stems, bearing long linear alternate leaves. 



