CYPERACEAE. 69 



9. C. multicaulis Bailey. Culms very numerous, 3-6 dm. high, 

 stiff and wiry, terete, smooth or minutely scabrous beneath the 

 flowers; sheaths leafless or produced into stiff and appressed tips, 

 2 cm. long or more, or on sterile stems 8-15 cm. long and spreading; 

 the lower scales leaf-like and prolonged into a slender tip, dilated 

 and hyaline at the base; pistillate flowers 2-6, the lower often remote; 

 perigynium 6-8 mm. long, strongly 3-angled, many-nerved; beak 

 very short, entire; nutlet punctate, completely filling the perigynium. 



Frequent on dry ridges in the pine belt of all the mountains. 



10. C. alma Bailey. Stems stoutish, rough above on the sharp 

 angles, 4-12 dm. high; leaves carinate, 3-5 mm. wide, mostly exceed- 

 ing the stems; heads 9-12 cm. long, 10-15 mm. thick; spikelets 

 ovoid, in ovoid clusters; scales equaling the perigynia, oval to oval- 

 oblong, acute or the midvein excurrent; perigynia brown, shining, 

 nerveless, ovoid, narrowed to a long 2-toothed beak, serrate on the 

 sharp margins, thick and spongy at the truncate base, 3.5-4 mm. 

 long; achenes brown, lenticular, faintly punctate. 



Growing in robust clumps along streams in the mountains. Near 

 Pasadena, Mc Clatchie; near Santa Ana, Helen Geis. 



11. C. marcida Boott. Stem 3-6 dm. high, scabrous above; 

 leaves 2 mm. wide, shorter than the stem; spike 2-4 cm. long, 

 6-10 mm. wide, dull brown; spikelets many, crowded or contiguous, 

 closely imbricated, 4-6 mm. long, 2 mm. broad, the lower compound; 

 bracts clasping, scale-like, setaceously pointed, the lowest exceeding 

 its spikelet; scales ovate, acute or cuspidate, margin hyaline, brown- 

 ish; perigynium nearly black in fruit, orbicular with a short, or 

 ovate and with a longer bidentate beak, stipitate, plano-convex, 

 margins incurved, serrate above, nerved, equaling the scales; nutlet 

 ferruginous, lenticular, produced at the base. 



Frequent in marshes in the coast valleys. 



12. C. bemardina Parish. Rhizomes creeping; stems slender and 

 lax, rough on the sharp edges, 5-6 dm. high; leaves 1-3 mm. wide, 

 shorter than the stems; spikelets in a dense ovoid head, about 2 cm. 

 long and 1-1.5 cm. thick; scales a little shorter than the perigynia, 

 hyaline, with a brown midvein, ovate, acute; perigynia brown, 

 suborbicular, strongly nerved on the exterior face, the subcordate 

 base stipitate, 2-2.5 mm. long, contracted to a serrate beak as long 

 as the body; achenes pallid, lenticular, faintly punctate, conformed 

 to the body of the perigynium. 



In a meadow, San Bernardino Valley, Parish. 



13. C. hookeriana Dewey. Stems slender from creeping root- 

 stocks, 2-6 dm. high, sharply angled, scabrous; leaves shorter than 

 the stem, 2 mm. wide, tapering to a slender setaceous tip; bracts 

 ovate, awned, commonly exceeding the spikelet, the lowest setaceous 

 and often 25-50 mm. long; spike 2-4 cm. long, oblong or cylindric; 

 spikelets 4-10, approximate; staminate flowers few; scales ovate or 

 lanceolate, acute, chestnut-colored with green midnerve, margin 

 hyaline; perigynium oval, abruptly tapering to a sharply bidentate 

 beak, serrate above on the sharp incurved margins, shorter than the 

 scale. 



Frequent on borders of the coast marshes. 



