FAGACEAE. 97 



near the base of old trunks; leaves deciduous, 6-15 cm. long, deeply 

 parted into about 3 lobes on a side, each lobe with 1-4 coarse bristle- 

 tipped teeth, bright green shining and glabrous above or sometimes 

 pubescent, paler beneath; nut deeply set in the cup, 2.5-3 cm. long, 

 2 cm. thick; scales thin, chestnut brown 



A common oak in the coniferous forests of the San Bernardino, 

 San Jacinto and Cuyamaca Mountains, but in the San Gabriel it is 

 apparently restricted to the more inland ranges, as North Baldy 

 and Swarthout Valley. 



2. Q. wislizenii A. DC. A spreading shrub or a small tree with 

 us; leaves persistent, coriaceous, lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, 

 acute, entire or somewhat spinose-dentate, usually plane, green on 

 both faces, glabrous; acorns biennial; nuts narrow as in the last; 

 cup turbinate, very deep. 



Frequent in the chaparral belt of all the southern California 

 mountains except the Santa Monica Range. 



3. Q. agrifolia Nee. (Live Oak, Encina.) Large, widely spread- 

 ing tree; leaves persistent, oval to oblong, 4-7 cm. long, sinuately 

 spinose-dentate, somewhat stellate pubescent when young, in age 

 mostly convex above, pale and nearly glabrous beneath; acorns 

 annual, sessile or nearly so; nut narrow and tapering, 2-3 cm. 

 long, 6-8 mm. wide; cup turbinate, rather deep with lanceolate 

 slightly pubescent brown scales. 



The common oak of the valleys and foothills. 



4. Q. chrysolepis Liebm. (Canyon Oak.) Usually a large tree; 

 leaves evergreen, oblong, acute or cuspidate, obtuse or subcordate 

 at base, usually entire or spinose-denticulate, pale and glaucous 

 green above, more or less fulvous-tomentose beneath, becoming 

 glabrate in age; acorns variable in size; nut oval, obtuse, 15-30 mm. 

 long; cup hemispheric, very thick, its scales usually almost hidden 

 by fulvous tomentum, 1-3 cm. broad. 



Common in the canyons of all our mountains above 2500 feet. 



5. Q. lobata Nee. (Valley Oak, Roble.) Stately tree with 

 slender, often long and pendulous branches; leaves oblong or obo- 

 vate, 6-12 cm. long, deeply lobed or pinnatifid, pale green, acorns 

 subsessile; nut long-conic, 3-6 cm. long; cup deep-hemispheric, 

 strongly tuberculate. 



Chatsworth Park and San Fernando. A single tree has also been 

 observed near Santa Monica (Hasse) and another near Lamanda 

 Park by the author, which is the southern limit of this oak as far 

 as known. 



6. Q. douglasii H. & A. (Blue Oak.) Middle-sized tree with 

 rounded head, branches numerous, erect-spreading; leaves deciduous, 

 5-6 cm. long, oblong, sinuate or with shallow lobes, bluish-green 

 above, pubescent beneath; acorn sessile or short peduncled; nut 

 elongated-oblong, 2-3 cm. long, mostly acutish; cup hemispheric, 

 with ovate-lanceolate, thick or somewhat tubercled scales. 



The Blue oak reaches its southern limit along the western edge of 

 Antelope Valley a few miles south of Tejon Pass. 



7. Q. engelmanni Greene. A middle-sized tree, 8-15 m. high, 



