ASTERACEAE. 381 



obovate, compressed or somewhat 4-angled. Pappus 

 of 2 scales or awns, or sometimes with 2-4 additional 

 shorter ones, deciduous. 



Annual. 1. H. antiuus. 



Perennials. 



Outer bracts exceeding the disk, lanceolate or 



linear-subulate, 2. H. parishii. 



Outer bracts not exceeding the disk, ovate, 



acute. 3. H. gracilentus. 



1. H. annuus L. Robust, hispid or scabrous; stems often 2.5 

 cm. high, thick, mottled or spotted with purple; leaves all but the 

 lowest alternate, acute or acuminate, more or less regularly dentate 

 or denticulate, 10-25 cm. long, petiolate; involucral bracts broadly 

 ovate to oblong, aristiform-acuminate; disk 2 cm. broad or more, 

 dark purple or brown; rays often 5 cm. long. 



A common weed in all the valleys. 



2. H. parishii Gray. Stems slender, 2-5 m. high, simple or 

 branched above; leaves elongated-lanceolate, softly cinereous- 

 puberulent or canescent beneath, scabrous above; heads 10-15 mm. 

 high; rays 20-35 mm. long; involucral bracts linear-subulate, longer 

 than the disk, villous toward the base; disk-corollas with a silky- 

 villous ring or 2 tufts above the short proper tube; palese of the 

 pappus slender-subulate. {H. oliveri Gray.) 



Oak Knoll, Grant; Cienega, Oliver; rather frequent in the San 

 Bernardino Valley. 



3. H. gracilentus Gray. Stems erect and rather strict, 6-12 dm. 

 high, rough-hispidulous or smooth above; leaves short-hispid, the 

 lower ovate lanceolate, 15 cm. long or less, contracted at base to a 

 short margined petiole, the upper narrowly lanceolate to nearly 

 linear and entire; heads terminating the elongated branches of the 

 inflorescence; involucre 7-10 mm. long, shorter than the disk; 

 bracts imbricated, ovate, abruptly or gradually acute, puberulent, 

 the outer usually ciliate; rays 12-16, 20-25 mm. long. 



Dry gravelly soils in the foothills of southern California; Newhall, 

 according to Hall; near Claremont, Baker. 



31. ENCELIA Adans. 

 Herbs or low shrubs with alternate or opposite leaves, 

 and usually with large peduncled heads of both ray- and 

 disk-flowers, the rays neutral, yellow, the disk yellow or 

 brownish, perfect. Receptacle flat, convex or conic, 

 chaffy; chaff usually soft and mainly scarious. Achenes 

 flattened, thin-edged, often villous. Pappus none or an 

 awn or its rudiment to each margin of the wingless 

 achene. 



1. E. calif ornica Nutt. Woody at base, branched above, 6-12 

 dm. high, strong-scented, minutely pubescent; leaves ovate to oblong- 



