ASTERACEAE. 409 



LP. virgata (Benth.) Greene. Stems rigid, 3-10 dm. high, 

 virgate, glabrous throughout and the herbage deep green; leaves 

 runcinate; heads 6-8 mm. high, subsessile along the naked upper 

 part of the stem and branches, 4-8-flowered; achenes subclavate or 

 oblong, ribbed and with as many mostly closed grooves, rugose; 

 pappus white, plumose almost throughout, rather persistent. 



Common on dry ground, especially toward the coast. July- 

 September. 



2. P. pleiirocarpa Greene. Taller and stouter than the last, 

 virgate-paniculate, glabrous and glaucous; heads rather small, few- 

 flowered; achenes fusiform, rugose-tuberculate between the salient 

 rib-like angles, intervening grooves wanting; pappus-bristles numer- 

 ous, distinctly plumose to the base, bright white, soft, early decidu- 

 ous. 



Common in fields and along waysides about Pasadena and east- 

 ward to San Bernardino. July-August. 



3. P. cichoriacea (Gray) Greene. Perennial, 3-8 dm. high, 

 rather stout, tomentulose at least when young; leaves lanceolate, 

 sparsely denticulate to runcinate-laciniate; heads sessile along naked 

 branches; involucre 12 mm. high; mature achenes short-linear, 

 smooth, slightly and acutely 5-angled; pappus sordid, persistent. 



Frequent in rocky canyons of the San Gabriel Mountains. 

 July-September. 



75. NEMOSERIS Raf. 



Glabrous and slightly succulent branching annuals 

 with pinnatifid leaves and rather large heads of white or 

 rose-tinged flowers. Involucre conic or cylindric, of 

 7-15 linear acuminate equal bracts, somewhat fleshy at 

 base, and a few loose calyculate outer ones. Achenes 

 terete, somewhat fusiform, obscurely few-ribbed, attenu- 

 ate into a slender beak. Pappus white, of 10-15 slender 

 bristles, softly long-plumose from the base to near the 

 tip. 



1. N. calif ornica (Nutt.) Greene. Rather stout, glabrous; stems 

 white, 6-9 dm, high; leaves oblong, pinnatifid, sessile and clasping, 

 the upper reduced; heads many in a paniculate-corymbose inflores- 

 cence, 1.5-2 cm. high; ligules rather short; outer achenes pubescent; 

 beak slender, equaling the body; pappus dull white. {Rafinesguia 

 calif ornica Nutt.) 



Common on rather shady slopes in the foothills and in the chapar- 

 ral belt of all the mountains. May-August. 



76. TRAGOPOGON L. 



Biennial or perennial erect usually branched some- 

 what succulent herbs, with slender fleshy tap-roots, 

 alternate entire linear-lanceolate long-acuminate leaves 



