(U TLANT LIFE OF ALABAMA. 



the lioiiic of ^oMcii-i-ods, i-()s'm\V(MHls. sunllowcrs, and KudluH-kias, 

 hosidcs iiuiiicroiis s|)«'<'i('s ol" other Liciicrii of" the same tribes as ll(di- 

 opsis. Verliesiiia. and Coreopsis. The rollowiiio- species, eoiinnoti on 

 the plains of the western AMetihenian area, inhahit (he open throii^'h- 

 out the Cai'olinian area from the h)\ver AUog'honies to the Mississippi: 



ISoliihujo iwglccta. Ilrliantliafi diiyiricalns. 



Solidngo nrmoralis. Ile/idiifhns niropurpiiri'us. 



tSolklago ereda. Hrlidiithiix tonicnlosus. 



Solidago bicolor. Bnrlhrrlda Irilolxi. 



Silphium tercbiiithinnceuin. Rmlhrckin hcHopiidix. 



Silphium asperriinum. RudbaMa sputhuladi. 



Silphium intermedium. Verbenina andata. 



Silphium. denfaium. Heliopsis helianthoide.s {II. laevis). 



Silphium trifolialum. Heliopm minor. 



Silphium htevigatnm. Coreopm verticillata. 



Ildiaidhu.s microci'phnlnx. Aster vimineus folioms. 



Ihiicmthu^ hirsutns. Aster luteriflorus. 



Helianthus Idrsutus trnrlii/jdii/lhis. Hieracium venosum. 



Jlelianihus tracheliifolius. Hieracium panimlatum. 



Ilelimdhus .^trumosw. Hieracium mnrianum. 



Helianthus schweinitzii. Hieracium scribneri. 



Mesaphile plant associatums. — The highest summits are frequently 

 watered by numerous springs, giving rise to grassj' swales and lively 

 brooklets. In the almost perpetually damp soil of the first prevail: 



Osmunda dnnamomea. Angelica villosa. 



Sckria caroliniana. Solidago arguta. 



Habenaria ciliciris. Solidago odora inodora. 



The damp banks of the brooks are shaded with a varied vegetation 

 of shrubs and small trees of whieh the following are examples: 



Kalmia latifolin. Aronia arbutifolia.^ 



Ilex opara.^ Xoli^ma ligustrina. 



Amelanchier ramidctisis.^ Hydrangea arborcscem cordata. 



A dwarfed form of the sweet birch {Betula lento) was found on the 

 cliffs near the ])rink where a brooklet on Chehawhaw Mountain leaps 

 over the precipitous escarpment. This tree, a species of noble dimen- 

 sions in its home in the Alleghenian life area, finds here, reduced to 

 a small shrub, its southern limit. Azalea viscosa glauca^ with Zan- 

 thoriza apilfoHa.^^ frequent throughout the mountains and Coast 

 plain, prefer the moistened rocks near the brink. In the open val- 

 leys from 1,000 to 2,000 feet above sea level — as, for example, in the 

 Shinbone Valley and Talladega Valley in Clay County— the following 

 associations of mesophile herbaceous plants have been observed. 



^ Growing also in the lower valleys and on the Coast plain. 



