FLOKA OF PINE BARREN BOGS AND WATERS. 127 



The same associations of Sarracenias, sundews, pipeworts, orchids, 

 and Dichromenas which characterize the bogs of the uplands prevail 

 in the boggy marshes of the plain. In the surrounding mire a number 

 of marsh plants occur which are wanting, or are very rare, in the 

 boggy hills. Of such the following are abundant all over this area: 

 Li/cupodiiun alopccuroides adpressum. Ci/perus riren-'^. 



Manisuris nigosa. Qypenis haspan. 



Paspalum praecox. Xyris communis. 



Paspalam membranaceum. Xyris Jimbriata. 



Panicuin stenodes. Xyns serotina. 



Scleria torreyana. Xyris anihigua. 



Fuirena squarrosa hispida. Rhexia strlcta. 



Fuirena squarrosa breviseta Lobelia paludosa. 



Oyperus nuttallii. Tofieldia racemosa. 



The main channel of the gently flowing pine-barren streams is 

 inhabited by a number of floating hydrophytes. Of the lower orders 

 of plants £atra(jhosj)ermwn sp., with dark-green moniliform floating 

 thallus over 1 foot in length, attaches its roots to logs and submerged 

 roots of trees, associated with the large fronds of a water moss {Fonti- 

 nalls distichd). Of flowering plants, occur in these waters: IlydrocMoa 

 'fiultmis^ its long, floating stems in dense tufts frequently filling the 

 bed of the streams; Nuphar sagittifolia^ Utricularia purpurea^ the 

 golden club, Orontlum aquat'icwrn^ and Scirpvs cylindricxis. 



The still waters of the estuary of Mobile River and of the larger 

 streams emptjdng into the upper part of the bay, fresh, except at 

 long intervals, when it is slightly brackish, harbor a number of sub- 

 merged species, forming in their dense mass subaquatic meadows, the 

 feeding grounds of large flocks of waterfowl. The thread-like, 

 many-branched stems of NiteUa acuminata var. and a short-stemmed 

 species of the same genus, growing in dense tufts, form the floor of 

 this limnsean^ vegetation, which is then made up of the following, 

 which open their flowers above or below the water: 



Zannichellia palustris. Potamogeton lonckites. 



Ruppia maritima. Potamogeton perfoliatu^. 



Ceratopkyllum demersum. Myriophyllum laxum. 



Potamogeton crispus. Utricularia vulgaris. 



Potamogeton jnisillus. Batrachium divaricatum. 



Potamogeton hybridus. Sagittaria filiformis (rare). 



Nelumho lutea also appears, though but rarel3^ ValUsneria spiralu 

 and the rarer Philotria ( Udora) canadensh^ remarkable in their mode 

 of fertilization, are also frequently associated with the above. 



Other hydrophytic herbaceous associations have their seat in the 

 open river marshes. The islands in the lower part of the delta and 

 the low banks of the streams in the tide- water region are covered with 

 deep and extensive open marshes, the soft silt of which, rich in humus, 

 supports an association of paludial plants (halophytes), which take root 



^ Hydrophytic class of Enalids or sea-grass vegetation of Wanning. 



