KP:GI0NAL DISTEIBUTIOIsr OF LICHENB. 265 



of the warmer temperate zone or the Caroliuian and Louisianian life 

 areas, one-half of this proportion having their home exclusively in tbe 

 latter. In the mountain region on the ridges of greatest elevation a 

 vertically shar^ily limited rujiestrian lichen formation is met with. At 

 an elevation approaching 2,000 feet the bare Carboniferous sandstone 

 cliff's or the flinty metamorphic rocks which form the brow and summit 

 of the ridges are covered by the black thallus of Umhilicaria pustulata 

 [xsxxetj impitlosa) not encountered at a lower altitude. Judge Peters, 

 who had been collecting in a section of the mountain region with tbe 

 highest point scarcely exceeding 1,G00 feet, stated that he had not found 

 an Umbilicaria in Alabama. Ashy-gray Endocarpons {E. muhlenbergii), 

 lead-colored saxicole Pannarias, and tbe white and light-gray incrusta- 

 tions of Verrucarias and Lecanoras invest the rocky crests of these 

 heights with a coating of various tints. The following have been found 

 to prevail throughout tbe mountain region, having been collected on 

 sandstone by T. M. Peters : 



Biatora rvfoniyra. I'annaria crossophylla. 



Nephroma helreticiim. Pannaria triptoplujUa. 



Lecauora rubina. Periusaria sorediata. 



Lecanora priviijna. Physcia obscura. 



Lecanora cinerea. Leptogium lacerum. 



Lecanora muralis. Leptogium apaJachense. 



Binodina thomeae. Leptogium puldiellum. 



Cladonia caespiticia. Leptogium juniperinum. 



Cladonia squamosa. Lcjytogium myochroum. 



Cladonia fmbriata. Collema callibotrys. 



Collected on limestone : 



Sfaurothele disfvactella. Omphalaria symphorea. 



Staurothelc petersii. Omphalaria girardi. 



Vcrrucaria rupestris purpurascens. Omphalaria umhella. 



Sagedia fiiscella. Omphalaria melamhola. 



Placodium aurantiacum, Omphalaria schaereri. 



Placodium ferrugineum. Collema pusttilatum, 



Collema tenax and a few other collemaceous lichens, like Pannaria 

 stenophylla, P. petersii, and Heppia despreaiixii, prefer tbe somewhat 

 sheltered, moss-covered rocky shelves, where tbere is a slight accu- 

 mulation of earth. These lime-loving lichens are also found in the 

 adjacent valleys on the outcrops of the mountain limestone. In the 

 shallow rocky beds of brooks all over the Warrior table-land, at an 

 elevation of 900 to 1,000 feet, Uphebe pubcscens is abundant, where also 

 on the wet rocks of the banks of the head waters of the Sipsey River 

 (Winston County) Undocarpon fluviatile and Lecanora lactistris occnr. 

 The ledges of the ferruginous sandstone or conglomerates crowning the 

 crests and flanks of the Orange sand throughout the Coast Pine belt 

 are covered with the black crusts of Lecanora xanthophana. 



In the Coast Pine belt, and particularly in the clamp Coast ijlain, 

 lichens abound. The hammocks and wooded swamps which border the 



