7r)S TLANT MKK <»F ALAMAMA. 



AUcfijhcniMii in I,iiiiisi;mi;ui iirr.i. ( aiiaihi ami N<>r( liwr-sf, 'rerritory ; New En^laiul 

 west to NeluasUa; hoihIi to Ilio (Jul!" froiii Floiiila lo 'l\\aH; west to Caliroriiia. 



Ai.aiiama: ( )vcr tln' State. (Cultivated and waste j^roiiiid. .Inly to Octolx-r; coiii- 

 iiion everv \vlleI■^^ Most aliimdaiit in lith hottoin laiuls and jnaiiics. Aninial. 



Tvjie loiality: "(Jrows naturally in North America." 



litili. (;ool. Snrv. Ilerli. M(dii. 



Xanthiuiu spinosum 1.. Sp. I'l. 2 :!l«7. 17."i3. 



Kll..sk.2: I7!l. (irav, Man. ed. (J, 274. Cliap. F1.2'J1. (iray. Syn. Fl. X. A. l.j.t. 2: 

 2.".:{. Coulter. Contr. Nat. Herb. 2 : 210. 



TiMi'iCAi. Amkkka, I'.rnorK. 



Carolinian and lionisiaiiian areas. Naturalized in tlic j>reater river valU^ys an<l 

 alon^ railroads Ircun tlie <'oast oC southern Massaciiusetls to tli<' District of Colnni- 

 Ida, Ohio, and Missouri, and li'oni Florid.i to Texas. 



Alaha.ma: 0\er the State. Wasti^ places, waysides, Ttianssfe \'all<\v. Morj^an 

 County, Decatur. Montiiouiery and Mohile counties. Aujjjust to < )ctoiier. Annual. 



Type loealitv: " llab. in l.usitauia." 



H.-rb. (;eol.Snrv. INrb. Mohr. 



CARDUACEAE. Thistle Family. 



VERNONIA Schrcli. (icn. IM.2:.MI. 17;tl. 



Four hundred and lil'ty to .100 species, perennials. Africa, Asia ; .•il)ont oiu'-liall' in 

 warmer America. North America, 12. Atlantic, 11. 



Vernonia gigantea ( Walt. ) Hritton; Kcarney,F>nli. Toir.c 'luli.20: IS.">. 18it3. In]>art. 



Ikon wKKi). 



ChrjiHocoma tjujautea Walt. Fl. ('ar. 19G. 1788. 



Veriiouia aUissima Nntt. (ien. 2 : \'M. 1818. 



Kll. Sk. 2 : 28!t. (iray, Man. ed. (i. 238. Chap. Fl. ISS. (ir.iy, Syn. Fl. N. A. 1, pt. 2: ilO, 

 in i)art. Coulter, Contr. Nat. Herb. 2 : 17."). 



Carolinian and Louisianiaii areas. PennBylvania, Illinois, Missouri, and Arkansas; 

 south from West A'^irginia to Tennessee and Florida; west to liOuisiana and 'i'exas. 



Alabama: Mountain region to Coast ])lain. Low borders of lields, openings, pas- 

 tures. Clay County. lOlders, 1,000 feet; Moseley, on bottom lands of Talladega 

 (Jreek. Mobile County, August, September. A common weed; lh(*form with larger 

 heads and the leaves tomeiitose-pubesceut beneath {V. prui-alld M ichx.) prevailing 

 in the low country, 4 to feeb high. 



Type locality: South Caroliua. 



Herb.Geol. Surv. Herb. Jlohr. • 



Vernonia maxima Small, l}ull. Torr. Chib, 27 : 280. 1900. 



Frcct, :Mo 9 feet high, branching above; leaves narrowly eni))tical to luncecdate, 

 aeinuiuate, narrowed into a short petiole, subsessile, \ to 7 inches long, sharply 8(M- 

 rate, glabrous or slightly pubescent; involucre hemisiiheric, rounded at the base, 

 about ,',; inch high, the ovate, acute or more or less mucronate, ciliate bracts 

 apprcssed. Heretofore confounded with the closely related / . fiKjantea, which 

 ditfcrs from it in the longer involucre narrowed at the base, with the bracts more or 

 less 8|)reading. 



Carolinian and Luuisianian .areas. WV.8tern A'irginia, Kentucky, Ohio. Missouri, 

 western Florida (Mohr ,\- ('iKi/imrtn), Mississippi. 



Alabama: Mountain region. Dry copses, borders of woods. Cullman (N)uutv, 

 October, 1896. Not freipient. 



Typo locality : " In low grouTid, ')liio to Missouri, south to Alal)ama and Louisi- 

 ana." 



Vernonia fasciculata Michx. Fl. I'.or. Am. 2 : 94. 1803. 



Fascictjlatk-kloweked Vernonia. 



< ;ray. Man. ed. 0, 238. (iray, Syn. Fl. N. A. 1, pt. 2 : 90. Coulter, Contr. Nat. 1 lerb. 

 2:17:'). 



Alleghenian and Carolinian areas. Michigan west to Minnesota, l^akota, and 

 Nebraska; southern Ohio Valley, .Missouri, and Arkansas; south along the moun- 

 tains from Tennessee to upper (Jeorgia. 



Alabama: M(uintain region. shady thickets, woods. Lee County, Auburn 

 {linker iS' Earle, 187). Calhoun County, AnnisKui mountainous woods,' 1,000 feet 

 altitude. Talladega County, ne.ir licniroe, 1,00!) feet altitude. Clay County, bot- 

 tom of Talladega Creek. Elders, Delta, l.f'OO lo 1,700 feet altitude. Flowers pale 



