ARTIFICIAL ANALYSIS OF THE NATURAL ORDERS. 



Class H. MONOCOTYLEDONOUS or ENDOGENOUS 

 PLANTS. 



Stem composed of cellular tissue and scattered bundles of -woody fibre 

 and vessels, destitute of proper pith, bark, or concentric layers, and in- 

 creasing in diameter by the deposition of new fibrous bundles. Leaves 

 mostly alternate, entire, and parallel-veined, commonly sheathing at the 

 base, seldom falling off by an articulation. Floral envelopes usually by 

 threes. Cotyledon single. 



* Floral envelopes none. Flowers on a spadix. 



Stemless, floating herbs. 



Plants frond-like, with no distinction of stem and leaves. LEMNACEiE, 442 

 Leaves clustered, spreading. Flowers axillary. Pistia in AllACEiE, 439 



Caulescent, leafy, rooting herbs. 



Fruit a berry. Spadix enclosed in a spathe. ARACEiE, 439 



Fruit an achenium. Stem immersed, floating. NAIADACE^, 444 



Stem not immersed, erect. TYPIIACE^, 443 



« * Floral envelopes (^perianth) single or double, not glumaceous. 



Ovary adherent to the perianth. 

 Stamens and pistil united into a column. Flowers irregular. ORCHIBACE.aE, 452 



Stamens and pistil separate. 

 Flowers monoecious or dioecious. 

 Flowers enclosed in a spathe in the bud. Aquatics. HTDROCHARIDACE^, 450 



Flowers without a spathe. Leaves reticulate. Terrestrial vines. DIOSCOREACE.^, 474 

 Flowers perfect. 

 Ovary 1-celled. Stamens 3. Leaves minute. 

 Ovary 3-ceUed. Stamen 1. Flowers irregular. 

 Stamens 3. Anthers extrorse. 

 Stamens 3 or 6. Perianth woolly or scurfy. 

 Stamens 6. Perianth smooth or hairy. 

 Ovary free from the perianth. 

 Perianth single (calyx). 

 Flowers on a spadix. Ovary solitary. 



Ovaries 4. Stem leafy. 

 Flowers on a scape, spiked. Leaves rush-like. 

 Flowers on axillary peduncles. Leaves oval. 

 Perianth double (calyx and corolla). 

 Calyx and corolla alike, or nearly so, and glume-like. 

 Calyx and corolla alike, or nearly so, and not glume-like. 

 Leaves ribbed and netted-veined. Fruit a berry. 

 Leaves parallel-veined. 



Capsule 1-celled. Stamens, or the fertile ones, three 

 Capsule or berry 3- (rarely 4 or C-) celled. 

 Anthers introrse (except Lilium). Style single. 



V Stigmas 3, nearly sessile 



BURMANNIACE^, 451 



CANNACEiE, 465 



IRIDACE^, 472 



HiEMODORACE^ 469 



AMARYLLLDACE^, 466 



ARACE^, 439 



NAIADACE^,, 444 



JUNCAGINE^, 447 



ROXBURGHIACE^, 479 



JUNCACE.E, 492 



SMILACE^, 476 



PONTEDERLACE.a;, 496 



LILIACE^, 480 



Styles 3. 

 Anthers extrorse (except Tofieldia). Styles 3 or 1. 

 Calyx and corolla unlike. 

 Ovaries few or numerous, forming achenia in fruit. 

 Ovary solitary. 

 Palms. Calyx tubular. Leaves fan-shaped. 

 Epiphytes. Plants scurfy. 

 d 



MELANTHACE.E, 485 



ALISMACE^, 447 



PALM^, 437 

 BROMELIACE.E, 470 



