184 COMPOSITE, (composite family.) 



1. F. radiata, Michx. Leaves oblong, the upper ones clasping and toothed 

 at the base ; fruit mostly downy, ovoid, with a furrow between the parallel and 

 contiguous empty cells; flowers white. — River-banks, Florida, and northward. 

 February and March. — Stem 6' - 12' high. 



Order 72. COMPOSITE. (Composite Family.) 



Flowers clustered in a dense head upon a common receptacle, and sur- 

 rounded by an involucre. Calyx united with the ovary ; the limb (pap- 

 pux) cither obsolete, or forming a cup-like or toothed border, or divided 

 into chaffy scales or bristles. Corolla superior, flat or funnel-shaped, 5- 

 (rarely 4-) lobed, valvate in the bud. Stamens alternate with the lobes 

 of the corolla, and inserted into its tube : anthers cohering in a cylinder 

 (synf/encsious). Style single : stigmas 2. Fruit (achenium) dry and seed- 

 like. Seed solitary, erect, without albumen. Kadicle inferior. — Herbs 

 or shrubs. Leaves without stipules. Involucre composed of short or leafy 

 bracts (scales of the involucre'), arranged in 1-many series. Receptacle 

 naked, or furnished with scales (chajfij). Heads with the flowers all tubu- 

 lar (discoid), or all strap-shaped, or the marginal ones strap-shaped or 

 ligulate (radiate). 



Artificial Synopsis of the Genera. 



SuBORDKR I. TUBULIFLORJ^:. Corolla of the perfect flowers 

 tubular, ecjually 5- (rarely 3 - 4-) lobed. Kay-flowers, when present, 

 ligulate, either pistillate or neutral. 



§ 1. Heads discoid. 

 » Heads with the flowers all perfect. No. 



Pappus none. Leaves resinous-dotted. Flowers yellow. . . . FLAVERIA. 66 



Pappus bristly or hairy. 

 Flowers yellow. 



llcceptacle pointed BIOELOVIA. 21 



Reccptitle flat Nos. 1 & 33 in SOLlD.\tiO. 20 



Rcceptiicle convex. KUQELIA. 75 



Flowers white, blue, or purple. 

 Receptacle chaffy. 



Leaves oppcsitc. Flowers white. MKLANTIIERA. 40 



Leaves alternate. Flowers purple CARl>UErHOUUS. 8 



Receptacle bristly. 



Leaves spiny CIRSIUM. 78 



Leaves not spiny, cordate. LAPPA. 79 



Receptacle naked. 



Scales of the involucre in a single row CACALIA. 73 



Scales of the involucre in 2 or more rows. 



Pappus double, the outer row very short. VERNONIA. J 



Pappus sinf^lc. 



Achonia rIblM'd or striate. 



Pappus plumose. Flowers cream -colored KUIINIA. 10 



Pappus srabroufl. Leaves cordate ItUKMvELLlA. 11 



Pappus scabrous. Leave* not cordate LIATRIS. 9 



