GRAMINELE. (GRASS FAMILY.) 545 



(C. biillata, Ell.) — Pinc-bnrren swamps, Florida, and northward. — Culms 

 1^0 _ 2° hi|j:h. Leaves narrowly linear, keeled, rather rigid. Perigynia occa- 

 Bionally nearly smooth. 



= = Pcri(ji/uia smooth. 



73. C. riparia, Curtis. Sterile spikes 4-6, dark brown; fertile spikes 2 - 

 3, oblong cyhndrical, sterile at the summit (li'-2' long), on erect peduncles, 

 perigynia ovate-oblong, obscurely nerved, tapering into a smooth 2-cIeft beak, 

 longer thau the oblong brown awncd scale. — Deep marshes, Florida to South 

 Carolina. — Culms stout, 2*^-3° high, rough above, shorter than the broad (,V) 

 smoothish and glaucous leaves and bracts. 



74. C bullata, Schk. Sterile spikes 2-3, long-pedunclcd ; fertile spikes 

 1 -2, olilong or oval (1' long), sessile, or on very short exserted peduncles; peri- 

 gynia gloI)osc-ovate, much inflated, strongly nerved, smooth and shining, slender- 

 beaked, longer than the oblong acul;e scale. — Swamps, South Carolina, and 

 northward. — Culms 1° - 1^° high, shorter than the linear leaves and bracts. 



Order IGO. GRAMINE^. (Grass Family.) 



Chiefly herbs. Stem (culm) mostly hollow and with closed joints. 

 Leaves alternate, 2-ranked, narrow and entire. Sheaths open or split 

 on one side, and usually prolonged into a membranaceous or fringed 

 appendage (ligula) at the base of the blade. Flowers in spiked or 

 panicled spikelets, consisting of 2-ranked imbricated bracts or scales; 

 of which the exterior or lower ones, subtending one or more flowers, 

 are called ghane^, and the two inner ones, enclosing the 1-celIed 1-ovuled 

 ovary, and 1-11 (commonly 3) hypogynous stamens, are called paleae. 

 Perianth none, or composed of 1 - 3 minute hypogynous scales (squamu- 

 Ice). Anthers versatile, 2-celIed. Styles 2-3, with hairy or plumose 

 stigmas. Fruit a caryopsis (grain). Embryo placed on the outside and 

 near the base of mealy albumen. — Root fibrous. 



Synopsis. 



Tribe I. OR YZE.E. — Spikelets 1-flowered, mostly imperfect. Glumes none. Paleae 2. 

 Stamens 1 - 11. 



1. LEERSIA. Flowers perfect, compressed, panicled. Paleae unequal, ciliate. 



2. ZIZANIA. Flowers monoecious ; the pistillate and staminate ones in the same panicle. 



59. LUZIOLA. Flowers moncecious ; the pistillate and staminate ones in separate panicles 



3. UYDROI'IILOA. Flowers monoecious : the pistillate and staminate ones in separate spikes. 



60. MONANTHOCHLOii. Flowers dioecious, in terminal spikes. 



Tbuib n. AGROSTIDEjE.— Spikelets 1-flowered, or with the pedicel of a second 

 flower above. Glumes 2. Paleae mostly 2, the lower one often awned. Stamens 1-8. 

 Spikelets in open or closely spiked panicles. 



* Glumes united at the base, strongly compressed-keeled. 

 i. ALOPECDRUS. Lower palea awned on the back, the upper wanting. Flowers spiked. 



46* 



