192 KUBIACE^. (mADI)KK FAMILY.) 



• Annual : fruit dry. 



1. G. Aparine, L. (Cleaveks.) Annual; («tenis weak, retrorsoly his- 

 piil,2°-3° lung: leaves 6-8 iu a whorl, lameolate, hispid on the niargiuH aud 

 mi(iril); jjcduncles long, 1 - 2-tiowered ; fruit bristly. — Waste places, spar- 

 iugly introduced. 



2. G. virgatum, Xutt. Low (6'- lO' high), .simple or branching at the 

 base, snioulh nv liispid; leaves 4 in a wiiorl, sliurt (4" or 5"), ohlong-lanceo- 

 latc, hispid-ciliate; peduncles axillary, short, l)racteolate, 1-flowered; fruit 

 hispiil. — liarreus of Tennessee (O'dtlimjer), and westward. 



* * Perennial. 

 ■*- Fruit harcate : peduncles 1 -3-Jlowered : leaves 4 in a irhorl. 



3. G. hispidulum, Michx. Stems much branched, slightly roughened, 

 hairy at the joints; leaves small (2" -6"), rigid, lanceolate-ovate, rough on 

 tlie margins and veins beneath, acute; berry roughened, liluish lilack. (Rubia 

 Brownei, Michx.) — Dry sandy soil near the coast. ilay-Sept. — Stems 1°- 

 2"^ long. Root yellow. Flowers greenish white. 



4. G. uniflorum, Michx. Smooth ; stems mostly simple, slender, 

 erect ; leaves linear, acute, rough on the margins, punctate beneath ; berry 

 smooth, black. — Dry rich soil, Florida to South Carolina, and westward. 

 June -July. — Stems numerous, 1° high. Flowers white. 



•^ ■*- Fruit dry: peduncles commonly Q- many-flowered. 

 •*-*■ Fruit hispid. 

 J). G. triflorum, Michx. Stems weak, diffuse, very rough ; leaves 4-6 

 in a whorl, lanceolate or elliptical, cuspidate, the upper surface and veins be- 

 neath hispid; peduncles mostly 3-flowered ; fruit deu.sely uncinate-hispid. — 

 Low shaded places. July. — Stems 2° -3^ long. Flowers greenish white. A 

 smoother form is G. cuspidatum, Muhl. , 



6. G. pilosum, Ait. Stems rigid, hairy or rougliened on the angles, 

 branching; leaves small (4" -8"), 4 iu a whorl, oval, slightly pointed, more 

 or lesis hairy and roughened, dotted; peduncles 2-3 times forking; fruit 

 pedicelled, bristly with hooked hairs. — Dry soil. June - Sept. — Stem l°-3° 

 long. Flowers purjjle. 



Var. puncticulosuni, Gray. Stem, leaves, etc. smooth or nearly so ; 

 frnit often mucii larger. — Dry rich soil, Florida, and northward, 



7. G. circsezans, Michx. Stems erect, smooth or nearly so ; leaves 

 large (1'- \V), 4 in a whorl, oval, mostly obtuse, 3-nerved, pubescent; pedun- 

 cles forking, then spreading and spike-like; fruit bristly with hooked hairs, 

 nearly sessile, nodding. — Dry open woods. July. — Stems several, sparingly 

 branched, 1° liigh. Flowers purple. 



** ** Fi'uit smooth. 



8. G. trifldum, L. Stems slender, weak, smooth or rough-angled, at 

 length diffuse ; leaves 4-6 in a whorl, unequal, varying from linear to spatu- 

 late-lanceolate, obtuse, smooth, or rough on the margins and midrib, the upper 

 ones often opposite ; peduncles 1 -3-flowered ; corolla lobes and stamens often 

 3. — Wet places. June -July. — Stems 1°- 2° long. Flowers white. Flant 

 dries black. 



