24S COMPOSIT.E. (COMPOSITK lAMILV.) 



52. ECHINACEA, MuikIi. 



Heads iiiaiiv-liowiivl ; tlie rav IIuwits pi^iillaK-, luii .stcrili-, droojiing; those 

 of till- disk tiil>ular and iiurt't-ct. Stak's of tlie iiivolueie laiRc-i>ljitf, iu tliree 

 or luiiiL' rows, sproatliiig. Keieptai-le at leiiglli conical. Cliaff of the recep- 

 tacle ri'^id, s])ine-i)oiiiled, longer tiian tlie disk Howers. Achenia short, 

 4siiled, crowned with a cuit-shaped toothed j)apiius. — Perennial sparingly 

 liranilied herlis, with alternate undivided ."J - S-rilihed leaves, and large heads 

 terniiualing tiie peduncle-like suniniii uf the stem or branches. Ixays jiurple 

 or wiiite. 



1. E. purpurea, Miench. stem sini])le, or witli jieduncle-like iiranches, 

 smooth or hairv ; leaves ovate- lanceolate, serrate, rough ; the lowest oues 

 ovate, on long petioles; scales of the involucre imhricated iu 3-3 rows, 

 ciliate ; ravs about 12, lauceolate, purple. — ^'aries with the stem and leaves 

 smooth ; rays strap shaped, white. — Uich woods iu the upjjcr districts. June - 

 August. — Stem 2" - 5° high. Kays 2' - 3' long. 



2. B. angUStifolia, DC. Hirsute; stem simple ; leaves lanceohite, en- 

 tire 3-rilil)ed ; tlie lowest ta])eriug into a long petiole; scales of the involucre 

 imbricated in 2-3 rows; rays 12-15, narrow, pale purple. — Prairies aud 

 rocky woods iu the upper districts. May -July. — Stem 1°- 2^ high. Lowest 

 leaves G' loug. 



53. RUDBECKIA, L. 



Heads many-flowered ; the ray flowers neutral ; those of the disk tubular, 

 perfect. Scales of the involucre in about two rows, leafy, spreading. Re- 

 ceptacle conical or cylindrical ; the chaff not rigid, and mostly shorter than 

 the disk flowers. Achenia smooth, angled, truncated. Pappus a luirrow 

 border, or none. — Chiefly perennial herbs, with alternate entire or lobed 

 leaves, and showy heads terminating the stem or branches. Rays mostly 

 yellow. Disk dark purple or yellowish. 



§ 1. Achenia quadrangular : chaff of the receptacle persistent. 



* Dish ovale or (jlohose. 



-t- Leaves undivided : stem simple or sparinghj branched. 



++ Leaves linear, 3-rihbed, entire. 



1. R. atrorubens, Kutt. Smooth, or strigo.se; stem simple, 2° high; 

 leaves rigid, 4' -6' long, the lower clustered, the upper small and distant; 

 head globose or ovate, .solitary ; rays wedge-shaped, deep crimson, shorter 

 than the dark purple disk; pappus 4-toothed. — Margins of pine barren 

 ponds. Georgia and Florida. June -July. 



2. R. bupleuroides, Shuttlw. Smooth throughout; stem slender, 

 branching; leaves f/- 12' long, thin, the lower long-petioled, the upper dis- 

 tant ; heads globose ; rays linear, yellow, longer than the dark brown disk ; 

 pappus cup-shaped. — With the last. June - July. — Stem 2° - 3° high. 



++ *+ Leai^es broad, reini/ ; raijs ijeUow. 



3. R. hirta, L. Hirsute ; stem and branches naked at the summit ; 

 leaves lanceolate or oblong, serrate, the upper sessile, the lowest narrowed 



