444 Cl'rUMKKK.K. (oak iamily.) 



'2. Q. imbricaria, Miilix. (Siii\<.i.i; Oak.) Leaves lancoolate-obloug, 

 iicntn or nlitusf at each ciitl, iiiiuTonali', pak- ami jIdwiiv l)ciicath, (Icfiduous ; 

 fruit iniddli'-sizcd ; tnj) narrowed at the Inise, eiiilosiiij; one lialf or one third 

 of th«' nearly licniispherieal nut, the broad and whitisii seales closely a]i- 

 pressed. — Mountains of North Carolina. — A tree 40^-50" higii. Leaves 

 3' -5' long. 



•5 Q. cinerea, Michx. (Mioh-ckoi ni> Wn.i.ow ().\K.) Leaves jjcren- 

 niai, oliliini:;-lan(colate, obtuse or a<'Ute, niucnjnate, wiiile tonientose l)eneath ; 

 fruit small, sessile ; cup shallow, narrowed at the base, pale, enclosing one 

 third of the hemispherical nut. — Dry sandy pine barrens. — A small tree, 

 fruiting abuudautly. Leaves 2' -3' long, scurfy, like the branchlets, when 

 young. 



** +* Leaves diluled upward, mostly S-lobed at llic top. 



4. Q. aquatica, Catesb. (Water Oak.) Leaves jjcrennial, short-peti- 

 ok'd, obo\ ate-<)blung or wedge-shaped, suKjoth on both sides, obtusely 3-lol)ed 

 at the summit, often entire, or on young shoots pinnatiiid toothed or lobed, 

 mostly a wnless when old; fruit small, mostly sessile; cup shallow, flat, en- 

 closing the base of the hemispherical down)' nut. — Swamps and wet banks. 

 — A small tree, with smooth bark. Leaves 2'-3' long,witb iiilis uf down in 

 the axils of the veins when young. 



5. Q. nigra, L. (Hi.ack Jack.) Leaves sliort-petioleil, coriaceous, 

 broadly wcdg('-slia|)ed, rounded at the base, mostly 3-lobed at the summit, 

 bristle-awned, smooth above, rusty-pubescent beneath, deciduous ; fruit middle- 

 sized, on short and thick i)eduucles ; cup top-shaped, with coarse truncate 

 scales, enclosing one third or one half of tlie oi>long-ovate juit. — Dry gravelly 

 or sandy soil. — A small tree. Leaves 4' - 9' long. Literniediate forms be- 

 tween this and No. 7 are nut uncommon. 



++ -M- ++ Leaves sinuate-pinnatifid, bristle-awned. 



= Leaves smooth or nearly so. 



C. Q. Catesbsei, Michx. (TuRKEV Oak.) Leaves somewhat coria- 

 ceous, broad, narrowed into a short petiole, ileeply jiinnatifid ; the lobes very 

 acute from a l)road t);ise, spreading, mostly falcate and entire ; fruit rather 

 large, shurt-pedunded ; cup thick, turbinate, with broad obtuse scales, enclos- 

 ing half of the ov(jid nut ; the upper scales intlexed and lining the inner edge 

 of the cu]). — Dry pine barrens. — A small tree. Leaves C'-9' long. 



7. Q. COCCinea, Wang. (Scarlet Oak.) Leaves long-petioled, oval 

 or oblong, with deep and broad sinuses, and 6-8 entire or s])aringly toothed 

 lol)e3, truncate at the l)ase, smooth and shining on both sides ; cup top-shaped, 

 with coar.se scales, enclosing ojie half or one third of the ovoid nut. — Dry 

 woods ; more abundant in tlie upjier districts. — Leaves turning bright scarlet 

 after frost. 



Var. tinctoria, Gray. (Black Oak.) Leaves obovate-ol)long, with 

 deep or shallow open sinu.^^es, and about 6 sharply-toothi^d lobes, obtuse or 

 truncate at the base, pubescent when young, at length only in the axils of the 

 veins beneath ; cup top-shaped, with broad scales, enclosing about half of the 



