CUPULIFER.^. (oak FAMILY.) 447 



21. Q. bicolor, Willd. (Swamp White Oak.) Leaves obovate, acute 

 at the base, coarsely aud obtusely toothed or somewhat lobed, dark green 

 above, wbite-tomeutose beneath ; fruit long-peduucled, cup tubercular, hemi- 

 spherical; nut oblong-ovate (T long). — Swamps along the mountains. — A 

 large tree. 



22. Q. Muhlenbergii, Engelm. (Chestnut Oak.) Leaves oblong 

 varying to lanceolate, acuminate, sharply toothed, with the points incurved, 

 mostly acute at the base, smooth above, paler and minutely pubescent or 

 glaucous beneath ; fruit small, sessile or short-peduncled ; cup hemispherical, 

 with flat scales, enclosing one tliird of the oblong nut. — Rocky woods, chiefly 

 in the upper districts. — A large or middle sized tree. Leaves 3' - 6' long. 

 Nut 1" - 9" long. 



23. Q. prinoides, Willd. (Chinquapin Oak.) Shruiiby; leaves lance- 

 olate-oblong, acute at each end, acutely toothed, smooth above, wliite-tonien- 

 tose beneath ; fruit small, mostly sessile ; cup hemispherical, with flat scales, 

 enclosing about one half of the round-ovate nut. (Q. Chinquapin, Pursh.) — 

 Barren soil in the upper districts. — Shrub 2° -6^ high. Leaves 3' -4' long. 

 Nut 8" -9" long. 



24. Q. Durandi, Buckl. ? Smooth, with ash-colored branchlets ; leaves 

 oblong or wedge-oblong, entire, emarginate, or 3-lobed at the summit, taper- 

 ing or abrupth' contracted into a short petiole ; fruit yery small, closely sessile ; 

 cup shallow, flattened, enclosing the base of the ovate nut. — Rocky banks, 

 Georgia, Florida, aud westward. — A lofty tree. Leaves 3' -4' long Nut 

 4" -5" l(5ng. 



* * Leaves persistent. 



25. Q. virens, Ait. (Live Oak.) Branchlets tomentose ; leave.* coria- 

 ceous, perennial, oblong, obtuse, somewhat rugose, smootli and shining above, 

 hoary-tomentose beneath, the margins revolute ; fruit long peduncled ; cup 

 top-shaped, hoarv, enclosing the base of the oblong che.stinit-brown nut. — 

 Dry or wet soil, in the lower districts. — Commonly a large tree with spread- 

 ing brandies. Leaves 2' -4' long. 



Var. maritima. (Q. maritima, TF///c?.) Shrubby (4° - 10° high) ; leaves 

 smooth, lanceolate, concave, mostly acute ; fruit larger. — Sand ridges along 

 the coast, Florida to South Carolina. 



Var. dentata. (Q. nana, Willd. 1) Dwarf (l°-2° high) ; earliest leaves 

 flat, wedge-obovate or obovate-oblong, mucronate, toothed, at length smooth, 

 the others lanceolate and entire ; fruit sessile or short-peduncled, often clus- 

 tered. — Flat pine barrens, Florida. — Leaves nearly sessile. 



2. CASTANEA, Tourn. Chestnut. 



Sterile flowers in separate clusters, in long erect cylindrical aments. Calyx 

 5 - 6-parted. Stamens 8 - 1 .5 : anthers 2-celled. Fertile flowers 1 - 3, enclosed 

 in the bell-shaped, at length globose, 4-valved and very prickly involucre. 

 Calyx 5-6-lobed, superior. Abortive stamens 5-12. (^vary 3 -6 celled. 

 Ovules single or by pairs in each cell. Stigmas 3-6, bristle-like, spreading. 

 Nuts 1 -3, roundish, compressed, or plano-convex. Cotyledons very tliick. — 

 Trees or shrubs, with oblong petioled sliarply serrate sti'aiglit-veined leaves. 



