CONIFERS, (pine FAMILY.) 457 



Borders of ponds and swamps in the lower districts. — A small tree, with 

 rouo-h bark and sappy valueless wood. Leaves 5' - 8' long. Cones 2' - 3' 

 long. 



7. P. Tseda, L. (Loblolly or Oldu-Fibld Pine.) Branches scaly; 

 leaves from a long slieath, slender, elongated; cones large, solitary, oblong- 

 conical, with the scales armed with a short and rigid straight spine. — Light 

 mostly damp soil, Florida to North Carolina. — Commonly a lofty tree, with 

 very thick and furrowed bark, and valuable but sparingly resinous wood ; but 

 in old fields low, with spreading branches. Leaves 6'- 10' long, rarely 2 ot 

 4 in a sheath, dark green. Cones 3' -5' long. 



8. P. Cubensis, Griseb. Leaves 2 or 3 in each sheath, crowded at the 

 end of the branches, 6' - 9' long, the angles serrulate ; sterile aments clustered, 

 cylindrical purple, the fertile single or whorled ; cones reddish, recurved, 

 conical-oblong, -i'- 6' long, armed with short stout spines. (P. Elliottii, 

 Engelm.) — Low pine barrens, near the coast. — A middle-sized or large tree. 

 Foliage dark green. 



9. P. australis, Michx. (Long- leaved or Yellow Pine.) Leaves 

 very long, from long sheatlis, crowded at the summit of the thick and very 

 scaly branches ; cones large, cylindrical or conical-oblong, the thick scales 

 armed with a short recurved spine. — Sandy soil, constituting almost the en- 

 tire growth of the pine barrens. — A lofty tree, with thin-scaled bark, and 

 very valuable resinous wood, dividing near the summit into few spreading 

 branches. Leaves 10'- 15' long. Leaf-bracts scarious, fimbriate. Cones 



6' -10' long. 



* * * Leaves Jive in each sheath. 



10. P. Strobus, L. (White Pine.) Leaves slender, from a very short 

 and deciduous sheath ; cones long, cylindrical, recurved, with the loosely inv 

 bricated scales neither thickened nor spiny at the apex. — A tree of moderate 

 dimensions on the mountains of Georgia and North Carolina, but nortliward 

 one of the loftiest of trees, and greatly valued for its soft white wood. Leaves 

 3' - 4' long. Cones 4' - 6' long. 



2. ABIES, Link. Fir. 



Cone erect, the scales deciduous at maturity. Seed free from the wings. 

 Anthers apiculate- recurved at the tip, opening transversely. — Leaves flat 

 above, keeled beneath, single, short, spreading, distichous. 



1. A. Fraseri, Pursh. (Silver or Balsam Fir.) Leaves somewhat 

 distichous, linear, flattened, obtuse or emarginate, whitened beneath, the lower 

 ones somewhat recurved, the uppermost erect ; cone oblong-ovate ; bracts long, 

 oblong-wedge-shaped, short-pointed, reflexed at the summit. — High moun- 

 tains of North Carolina. — A snaall tree. Leaves 6" -8" long. Cones l'-2' 

 long. 



3. TSUGA, Carriere. Hemlock Sprice. 



Cone drooping, the scales persistent. Seed adnate to the wing. Otherwise 

 like the last. 



I. T. Canadensis, Carr. (Hemlock Spruce.) Leaves distichous, flat, 

 linear, oljtuse, dark green above, whitened beneath ; cones small, oval or 



