ICHTHYOLOG )". ^-J^ 



0. STHENOCEPHAXrS, DilT. 



E. V. ; D. !-0 ; P. J ; Y. G ; A. 20 ; C. 17. 



Bmbcls as long as the lieail. Silvtiy, darkest above. 



Muulmain. 



PANQAsrcs, Cuvier el Valenciennes. 



Upper jaw tlie longer. Eye with a free orbital margin. Nostrils ajxirt ; both 

 patent, the anterior situated on the upper eilge of the snout. Barbels 4, one pair 

 maxillary an(-l one pair behind the ehiu. Villiform and conical teeth mixed in the 

 jaws. One or more axillary pores. 



P. BucHANANi, Day. 



B. ix.-x. ; D. iO; P. -h; V. G; A. 31-34 ; C. 19. 



The maxillary barbels reach the base of the pectoral fin ; the mandibuhir ones 

 arc half as long as the head. Silvery, darker on the back, and glossed with pur|,)le on 

 the sides. Cheeks and under surface of the head shot with gold. Grows to 4 feet. 



Burma, in tidal rivers. 



PsEnDEDiEOPius, Blceker. 



Head covered with a soft skin. Nostrils patent, equidistant. Barbels 8, one nasal, 

 one maxillary, and two mandibular pairs, these last commencing in a transverse line 

 close to the hind edges of the lower lip. Teeth villiform in jaws and palate. A very 

 small adipose dorsal. An axillary pore generally present. 



P. oooxGWAnicK, Sykes. 



B. vi. ; 1). ;iO; P. ,'., ; V. G; A. 54; C. 17. 



The nasal barbels reach to the dorsal, the maxillary to the anal, and the 

 mandibular ones arc about as long as the head. Dorsal spine slender, very finely 

 serrated behind. Pectoral fins stronger, longer, and strongly denticulated inside. 

 Silvery, darkest above. Grows to about a foot. 



Burma. 



P. ACCTIKOSTEIS, Day. 



B. vi. ; D. i-O; P. i; V. 6 ; A. 42-4G ; C. 17. 



Eyes without adipose lids behind the gape. Top of head flat and rugose. 

 Upper jaw elongated and projecting. The nasal barbels longer than the head, the 

 mandibular as long, the maxillary reach to the base of the anal fin. The whole of 

 the under surface of the snout toothed, the premaxillaries being entirely in advance 

 of the lower jaw. Silvery, a black spot on the occiput and a black blotch at the base 

 of the dorsal fin. The elongated snout appears not to be constant or even usual, as 

 Day observes : " The common form has no elongation of the snout, although of the 

 same size as the one having such an elongation, but otherwise the same." 



The Irrawaddy and other large rivers of Burma. 



In one specimen a long anal papilla was present. This species is the Burmese 

 representative of P. atherinoides of India. 



P. GUEUA, Ham. Buch. 



B. vi. ; D. i; P. -A-; V. 6 ; A. 29-36; C. 17. 



Eye situated partly on the lower surface of the head, having a broad, circular, 

 adipose lid. Upper jaw the longer. Nasal barbels half, or nearly so, as long as the 

 head ; the maxillary extend to the middle or end of the ventral fin, while the two 

 mandilnilar ones are as long as the head. Silvery, fins stained with grey. Grows to 

 2 feet or more. 



The larger rivers of Burma. 



Olyra, MacCMland. 



Body elongate and low, with horizontal dorsal profile. Head depressed. Nostrils 

 remote from one another, the posterior provided with a barbel. Barbels 8. Eyes 

 small. Yilliform teeth in the jaws and palate. Skin smooth. 



