onxiriioLooY. 407 



Tlie lesser-oared Owls. 

 Scops penxatus, Hotlg. ]'i-gu. Murtubau. Caniorta (rare)- 



S. xioiia. 



Zi-kwt't (gen.). 



At Pahijoou and Mooloyit this species seems far from rare, but Davison says it is 

 seldom seen. 



S. Balu, Kiimc. Aiidanians. 



S. sAcuTTATi's, Cass. Moolcyit and !^^alowon (rare). 



>S. Lkmpkii, Horsf. Pegu, rahpoon. Teuasseiim. 



»S'. kttiti, Hodgs. Arakan. Tenasscrim. 



Lord Walden refers the snp])oscd Burmese examples of S. Lempigi to this species. 

 Hodgson's species is of course tlie Himalayan race, and Ilorsfii'ld's tlie Javanese; but 

 as both species run into each other, Hume is no doubt justified in his |)roposal to unite 

 them (S.F. vi. p. 36). Some continental naturalists have, however, it woulil seem (/.c), 

 applied Horsfield's name to a very ditferent bird, ii. majican, from Java and Celebes. 



SURXIIXiE (Twili-Ut Owls). 

 These Owls have no 'horns' or 'ear tufts,' and are more diurnal in tlicir habits 

 than the other members of this family. Some of them Jerdon remarks arc a near 

 approach in a])pearance to the diurnal llaptores, and Kaup describes thcii' skulls as 

 round and brain hirge, with small pneumacily. 



GLAUcinruM kadiatum, Tickcll. Tenasscrim {fide Tickell). 



G. CAsiANOPTEECM, Horsf. Tcnasserim {fide Heifer). 



Hume strongly doubts the occurrence of the Javanese species in Burma, and 

 quotes Tcmminek's text (S.F. vi. p. 37) to help towards its recognition. 



" Tliis little owl is well characterized and easily recognizable by the fine 

 pui-plish chestnut colour of the back, wings, and tail ; the entire head, nape, the 

 sides and front of the lux-k and bi'cast, arc regularly and narrowly banded trans- 

 versely with brown and dull yellow ; the sides and flanks are coloured like the back, 

 and purplish spots occur on the thighs ; the whole of the rest of the lower parts 

 is pure white ; large white spots occup)' the outer webs of the scapidars and some of 

 the coverts near the fold of the wing; reddish yellow bands occur on the quills, and 

 there are live narrow bands of this colour on each of the tail feathers, which are also 

 tipped with it. 



" Total length 7-67 to 8-2 inches." Tcmminck, pi. col. 98, text. 



G. PULcnituM, Hume. Pegu. 



G. Brahma, Teni. (auctorum from Burma). 



Hume has separated the Burmese race, from its much smaller size and other 

 differences (S.F. i. p. 4G'J). 



Mr. Gates describes it as " the noisiest of all the small screech owls. They are 

 continually quarrelling with each other at night, and even in the daytime a pair 

 will commonly come out of some hole in a tree and screech away for a quarter 

 of an liour." 



This little owl is made use of to catch other birds with. A. live one is fixed 

 near a bush which is well smeared with birdlime. Directly its presence is perceived, 

 it is immediately surrounded by whatever bii'ds may be near, all animated with rage 

 towards the captive, and many alighting on the limed bush are easily taken. Jerdon 

 says this plan is pursued in Italy and the South of Europe as well as India. 



G. crcrLoiDEs, Vigors. The Himalayas. Arakan and 



G. IVhitlei/i, Blytli. Tenasscrim (rare south of Tavoy). 



Zi-kwet. 



Hume, with a very large series of l>oth Indian and Burmese birds before him, 

 ■unites these two species. 



G. BiiouiEi, Bui-ton. Tavoy. Mooleyit. 



