438 DUn.\tA, ITS PEOPLE ASD PIlODVCTIOyS. 



Galar sac well dcvuloped in 1)oth sexes. Colour above black, tbe basal portion of 

 the hair white. Beneath dark brown. 



Length — head and body 3'5 ; tail I'S inches. 



Inhabits India and Tenasscrim. 



EniNOPOMA, Geoffroy. 



Nostrils valvular in the anterior margin of a rudimentary nose-leaf. Ears united 

 across the forehead, which is marlied by a deep concavity, as in Taphoions, betwci n 

 the eyes. Index fingers with two phalanges. Tail slender, produced considerably 

 beyond the truncated intcrferaoral apron. 



Dentition, I. f ; C. f ; P.M. t ; M. J. 



Upper incisors rudimentary, suspended in the small premaxillary bones, which 

 meet in the centre, and ai-e connected laterally by slender processes, as in Emballonum, 

 with the maxillary bones. 



E. siicROPHTLLtiM, Gcoffroy. 

 var. R. Haedwickii, Gray. 



Extremity of the muzzle thick, obtuse, obliquely truncated, and projecting con- 

 siderably beyond the lower lip. Nasal apertures composed of valvular slits. Face 

 almost naked. 



Length of adult — head and body 30 ; tail 2-35 inches. 



How extremely gregarious this bat is, may be inferred from the fact, that a man, 

 to whom I had expressed a wish for bats, produced one morning a sack containing 

 two hundred and seventy individuals, wliieh had been captured the previous night 

 in an old tomb near Bhera, on the Jliilum, below Pind Dadan Khan. Great was the 

 worthy countryman's surprise when, with the exception of a few specimens placed 

 in bottles, the rest were thrown away. Ha\-ing been paid for their capture, he 

 evidently supposed that I should at once order them to be cooked for my breakfast ; 

 and no wonder, for, in the eyes of an uneducated ^Mahomedan, a man who will eat 

 the abhorred flesh of the pig, cannot have any scruples of delicacy regarding any 

 other meats. These bats I remember wire enormously fat in the pubic region, as 

 observed by Dobson in the case of this species and Tophozous niidivoifris only. 



This species is merely the Asiatic race (or subspecies), in Dobson's opinion, of 

 the African li. microphi/lhim, and is more nearly related to Ihp/ioxous, than to 

 Mcyudermn, near which it has been usually classed, and Dobson remarks, "HJiwopomii 

 is, in my opinion, closely related to Taphozaus. Its connexion with that genus is 

 sliown in the peculiar "frontal depression, in the projecting muzzle and valvular 

 nostrils, in the weak and deciduous upper incisors, in the form and folding of the 

 wing ; in the production of the tail beyond the interfemoral membranes, and even in 

 the microscopical structure of the hair. Further, the species of these genera show 

 remarkable similaiity in their habits, and in them, an enormous deposit of fat is 

 heaped up, about the root of the tail, before the hybemating season. Similar deposits 

 of fat have not been observed by me in any other genera of Chiroptera." 



Cheieomeles, Horsfield. 



Ears separate. Muzzle projects beyond the lower jaw. Premaxillary bones 

 well developed, conjoined, and supporting two strong incisors. Tail thick and long, 

 projecting more than half its length beyond the short interfemoral apron. 



Dentition, I. i ; C. J; P.M. j; M. §. 



C. TOEftUATDS, Horsf. 



Dysopes cheiroptis, Tem. 

 C. catidatits, Tem. 



An enormous gular sac extends round h;df' the neck, the interior margin of its 

 mouth on a level with the front of the sternum. Into this sac the oily secretion 

 between the internal origins of the pectoral muscles is discharged, in males by 

 a series of small pores, collected in two circular slightly elevated patches, and in 

 females by a single large orifice. 



