J/.l.l/.l/.IA/.l. 



470 



wliich is seldom inconipleto. Somo of both spccii'S arc variegulcnl or partUMiloiircd ; 

 and tbe pale examples of II. lar constitute the supposed //. cntcUoides. Wliether the 

 two anywhere inhabit the same forests, and wliat the limits of tlic range of either of 

 them may be, has yet to be ascertained, but the habits which Tickell and 1 have 

 detailed niay be considered to liuvc generic application." 



Dr. Mason remarks of tliis si)ecies : " The tirst sounds that nshcr in the morning 

 in the Karen mountain glens in the Tenasseiim provinces, are the wailing cries of the 

 gibbons on the hill-sides aro\ind. The whole of the interior is alive with Ihein, and 



day dawns is celebrated in Karen poetry." Their 



their habit of screaming as the 

 ciy is : 



ad lib. ores. 



ilim. 



:fcr 





:^- 



nvoo a ■ 



■ woo a ■ 



■ xooo a 



wow 



00 



woe .' 



The sounds varying from the deep notes of the adults to the sharp treble of the 

 young ones. 



Mr. Blyth remarks, " It is not g(merally understood that the long-armed apes arc 

 true bipeds, when on the ground, applying the sole flatly, with the pollux widely 

 separated from the other digits; the hands arc lield tip to be out of tlio way, rather 

 than for balancing, but they are ever ready to seize hold of any object by which the 

 animal can assist itself along, even as a human being commonly gras])s a banister, 

 wlien ascending a staircase. Upon the forest trees, liowever, the Gibbons swing 

 themselves about or forward by means of their upper limbs only, with extreme facility 

 and grace, and at a marvellous rate of speed, when duly exerting tliemselves, taking 

 tlie most astounding hand-leaps in rapid and continuous succession when in full 

 career." They are gentle creatures in confinement, especially the females ; but it is 

 cruel to deprive them of liberty, as the change of food and liabits and their enforced 

 inactivity is generally fatal to them. One I kept was something like a fractious 

 child, when ill. It would sometimes seize my hand, carry it to its mouth, and very 

 gently close its toeth on one of my fingers, with an action and exjjrcssion, wliich said 

 as plainly as words could, "I .should like to give you a good bite if I only dared." 



Faiiiili/ Papionidae. 



]I;ilionn3. 



Monkeys with simple stomachs and cheek pouches. 



Mac.\cus, Besmaresl. 



M. ARCTOiDEs, Geoff. 

 M. spcciosus, r. Cuv. 

 M. brunneus, Anderson (young). 



The stumpy-tailed monkey. 



This monkey is readily known by its tail, wliich is thus described by .Vnderson : 

 " In life the tail is rarely carried erect, and is, as a rule, applied over the anus, its 

 latter fourth being doubled upon itself to the left, and serving to fill uj) the interspace 

 between the upper divergent portion of the callosities, so that the animal sits on this 

 portion of its tail, the upper surface of which is rough and somewhat callous. Tho 

 latter fourth of the tail contains the liook-like process formed by the last caudal 

 vertebra?, but they are restricted to its base, the remainder of tho organ being tough 

 and tendinous and destitute of vertebral elements. Here then is an instance of _a 

 monkey sitting on its tail, and there is the more importance to be attached to_ this 

 observation, because the habit appears to be a iieculiarity of the .species. Associated 

 ■with this habit we find a tail, with its latter fourth bent upon itself, and applied 



