22G COMI'OSIT.K. (cO.MroSlTK lAAMI.Y.) 



Icavi's partly united hclow ; ilio iiitcri()r of iilmiit 8 small cliafTy scales. CiiafT 

 of tiie conii'ul rt'ci'ptacle lanceolate, acute. Aclieiiia ol)ovoiil, nearly terete, 

 truncated. Pappus none. — A low liairy and elainniy ])erennial iierb, with large 

 sessile or connate, oval or oblong, coarsely toothed leaves, and large solitary 

 hcad.s of yellow flowers, on long peduncles. 



1. T. helianthoides, L. — Dry sandy .soil, Florida to North Carolina. 

 July. — Stems several, stout, 1°-1^° high. Leaves 4'-C' long. Head 2' in 

 diameter. 



44. ECHINACEA, Mfcneh. 



Heads many-flowered ; the ray-flowers pistillate, but sterile, drooping ; those 

 of the disk tubular and petfect. Scales of the involucre lanceolate, imbricated 

 in three or more rows, spreading. Receptacle at length conical. Chaff of tho 

 receptacle rigid, spine-pointed, longer than the disk-flowers. Achenia short, 

 4-sided, crowned with a cup-shaped toothed pappus. — Perennial sparingly 

 branched herbs, witli alternate undivided 3- 5-ribbcd leaves, and large heads ter- 

 minating the peduncle-like summit of the stem or branches. Rays red, purple, 

 or wiiitc. 



* Ildijs eloiifjated, purple or ivhite. 



1. E. purpurea, Ma-nch. Stem simple, or with pcdunde-likc branches, 

 smooth or liairy ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, serrate, rough ; tlie lowest ones ovate, 

 on long petioles ; scales of the involucre imbricated in 3-5 rows, ciliate ; rays 

 about 12, lanceolate, purple. — Varies with the stem and leaves smooth; rays 

 strap-shaped, white. — Rich woods in the upper districts. June -August. — 

 Stem 20-50 high. Rays 2' -3' long. 



2. E. angustifolia, DC. Hirsute ; stem simple ; leaves lanceolate, en- 

 tire, 3-ribbcd ; the lowest tapering into a long petiole ; scales of the involucre 

 imbricated in 2-3 rows; rays 12-15, narrow, pale purple. — Prairies and low 

 barrens, Alabama, and westward. May-July. — Stem 1°- 3° high. Lowest 

 leaves ^° long. 



* * Rays short, dark red. 



3. E. atrorubens, Nutt. Smooth, or rough throughout with white ap- 

 pressed hairs ; stem simple, furrowed ; leaves rigid, entire, shining ; the lowest 

 linear-lanceolate, narrowed into a petiole, 3-ribb('d ; the upper few and remote, 

 linear, sessile ; scales of the involucre in three rows ; rays about 9, wedge-shaped, 

 shorter than the ovate dark purple disk ; chaff of tho receptacle short-cuspidate, 

 about as long as the disk-flowers ; pappus 4-toothed — Low pine barrens, Geor- 

 gia and Florida. June -August. — Stem 2° high. Lowest leaves ^o long. 

 Heads ^' in diameter. Plant turns black in drying. 



45. HUDBECKIA, L. 



Heads many-floworod ; tlie ray-flowers neutral ; those of the disk tubular, per- 

 fect. Scales of the involucre in about two rows, leafy, spreading. Receptacle 

 conical or cylindrical ; the chaff not rigid, and mostly shorter than the disk- 

 flowers. Achenia smooth, angled, truncated. Pappus a narrow border, or none. 



