432 CONIFERS. (I'INE FAMILY.) 



mostly J)t'rsi^st^■Ilt leaves, and inonoL-cious or diir-cious aim'iitacoous flowers. 

 Calyx and corolla none. Ovules ortliotropous. Fruit a cone or drupo, 

 Embryo in the axis of the albumen. Cotyledons 2 or more. 



Synopsis. 



SunonDER I. AIHETTXE.E. Fertile flowers eonsistinfr of numer- 

 ous bractetl imbricated carpellary scales, beaiinjj; two collateral inverted 

 ovules at their base, and forming a cone in fruit. Buds scaly. 



1. PINUS. Leaves 2 - 5 in a clu.«ter, mostly elongated, sheathed at the base. 



2. ABIES. Leaves single, short, destitute of a sheath. 



SuHOUDER 11. CUPRESSINEiE. Fertile flowers consisting of few 

 bractless mostly peltate carpellary scales, bearing one or several erect 

 ovules at their base, becoming fleshy or indurated, and forming in fruit a 

 drupe or cone. Buds naked. 



3. JUNIPEUUS. Fruit a drupe. Leaves minute, imbricated. 



4. CUPKESSUS. Fruit a globular cone, with peltate scales. Leaves imbricated, persistent. 

 5- TAXODIUM. Fruit a globular cone, with peltate scales. Leaves spreading, on slender 



deciduous branchlets. 



6. TIIU.IA. Fruit an oblimg cone, with imbricated oblong scales. Leaves minute, imbri- 



cated on the flattened branches, persistent. 



Suborder III. TAXINEiE. Fertile flower solitary, without a car- 

 pellary scale. Fruit a drupe. Buds scaly. 



7. TAXUS. Drupe surrounded by a fleshy cup. Albumen homogeneous. 



8. TOKREYA. Drupe naked. Albumen ruminated. 



1. PINUS, Tourn. Pine. 



Flowers monoecious. Sterile amcnts spiked or clustered. Stamens numer- 

 ous on the axis, with very short filaments : anthers with a scale-Hkc connective, 

 2-ceiled, opening Icngtliwise. Fertile anients terminal, single or clustered. Car- 

 pellary scales in the axils of deciduous bracts, each bearing two collateral in- 

 verted ovules at the base, indurated in fruit, and forming a cone ; the apex 

 commonly thickened, angular, and spiny. Scuds nut-like, lodged in an excava- 

 tion at the base of the scale, and furnislicd witii a thin deciduous wing. Embryo 

 in the axis of oily albumen. Cotyledons 3 - 12, linear. — Trees. Leaves ever- 

 green, needle-shaped, 2-5 in a cluster, their bases enclosed in a thin scarious 

 sheath. 



* Leaves two in each sheath. 



1. P. pungens, Michx. (Table-Mountain Pine.) Leaves from a short 

 sheath, crowded, short and rigid ; cones large, commonly 3-4 in a whorl, ovate, 

 sessile, the thick scales pointed at the apex, and armed with a very stout spine, 

 which on the upper scales is incurved, on the lower ones recui-ved. — Mountains, 

 rarely west of the Blue Ridge, Georgia to North Carolina, and northward. — A 



