which they have ever received, has been made by Mr. C. G. Pringle 

 of Charlotte, through whose labors a considerable number of species 

 new not only to this State, but to the United States, have been 

 made known. President Ezra Brainerd, of Middlebury College, 

 has also done very much to increase the knowledge of Vermont 

 botany, by his extended and thorough investigations, carried on 

 especially in Addison county, and, while disclaiming for these two 

 gentlemen any responsibility for whatever errors the following 

 list contains, I would in simple justice acknowledge very gratefully 

 their constant and most important assistance throughout its prepar 

 ation. Very much of the accuracy and value of the list is due to 

 theu' co-operation. To Prof. H. G. Jessup, of Hauover, N. H., and 

 Di-. P. Blanchard, of Peacham, Vt., I am greatly indebted for 

 information respecting the plants of the Connecticut Eiver valley. 

 Rev. Thomas Morong has very kindly given assistance in the nom- 

 enclature of the Niadaceae and other groups in which he is an 

 especial authority. Acknowledgements are also due to Mr. F. H. 

 Hosford, of Charlotte, Rev. J. A. Bates, of Williston, Mr. P. H. 

 Herri ck, and Mr. Lucius Bigelow, for notes concerning numerous 

 species. In some cases definite localities are given, not because the 

 species is found nowhere else, but for the benefit of botanists 

 who may wish to collect or study the plants. 



Several botanical areas are found within the limits of Vermont. 

 In the Champlain Valley there is a considerable group of western 

 species not found elsewhere in New England. Canadian plants 

 cross the border and find congenial situations in the northern 

 counties and, scattered over the state most of the usual New Eng- 

 land plants, with the exception of those requiring a seaside habitat, 

 may be found, while the summits of the higher mountains afford 

 suitable conditions for the growth of a small group of Alpine plants, 

 some of which are of much interest. "WhUe, as has been indicated, 

 some portions of Vermont have been very carefully explored, it is 

 yet true that other portions still wait for the botanist who shall 

 thoroughly examine them and, although the total area of the state 

 is small as compared with most other states, we may t( el confident 

 that future investigations will add no inconsiderable number of 

 species to the present list. This is probably especially true of the 

 southern and southwestern part of the state, for a number of species 

 are reported from Massachusetts and New York, some of them 

 growing near the Vermont border, which f-hould be found this side 

 of it, but which have not yet been reported by our botanists. 

 Vermont abounds in small lakes and ponds, many of which have 

 never been explored by botanists with any degree of completeness, 

 and this may also be said of numerous mountain sides, ravines, 

 gorges and ledges. On the other hand a decrease in species must 

 be expected from the extinction of some of the plants forming what 

 may be regarded as the original flora of the state. A marked 

 change is already taking place in the Willoughby region, long re- 

 nowned among lovers of rare plants, and it is probable that through 



