y 



150 H.G.SIMMONS. [sec. ARCT. EXP. FBAM 



much-inflated, leafless sheaths on the culm. In the living state, both 

 species can immediately be distinguished by their different manner of 

 growth, but herbarium specimens also are easily enough separated. 

 The Ellesmereland specimens always had pure white wool. 



E. Scheuchzeri grew in wet clay plains, swamps and small lakes 

 often in rather deep water as well as in pools, where it developed 

 numerous leafy shoots besides the culms from its creeping rhizome. It 

 flowered rather late, hardly before the end of July, but very soon had 

 developed fruit. 



Occurrence. Grinnell Land. Discovery Harbour, Shift Rudder 

 Bay (Hart). Hayes Sound region : interior of Beitstad Fjord, Skraling 

 Island (1364), Cape Viele, "Deserted Village" (Hart), Lastraea Valley, 

 Fram Harbour (1130). Southern East coast: Gale Point (Hayes). South 

 coast: Fram Fjord (abundant, 1601), Harbour Fjord, Big Valley, Spade 

 Point, Barren Vallies (abundant); Goose Fjord; East of 3rd quarters and 

 in the bottom valley. West coast: Lands End (2849). 



Distribution: East and West Greenland, Arctic American Archi- 

 pelago, Arctic America down to Labrador, New Foundland, Manitoba, 

 Oregon, Rocky Mountains, Sitcha, Alaska, Unalaschka, St. Lawrence 

 Island, Siberia, LTral. Arctic Russia. Novaja Semlja. Spitsbergen, North- 

 ern Scandinavia, Central and Southern European mountains, Iceland. 



Eriophorum polystachium, L. 



E. polystachium, Linnaeus, Sp. plant, ex p., 1753, Fl. Lapp., Fl. suec, excl. /^ et /; 

 OsTENFELD, Fl. Afct. ; Kruuse, List E. Greenl. ; Neuman & Ahlfvengben, Sv. 

 Fl. ; Ascherson & Graebner, Fl. Nordostd. Flachl. ; non Torrey, Mon. Gyp. ; 

 nee Hooker, Fl. Bor. Amer. ; nee Brixton & Brown, III. Fl. ; E:polyst. var. 

 elatior, Hart, Bot. Br. Pol. Exp.; E, angustifoliiim, Lanoe, Consp. Fl. Groenl.; 

 Nathorst, N. W. Gronl.; Greely, Rep.; Hooker, I.e.; Torrey, I.e.; Kjellman, 

 in Vegaexp. ; Ledebour, Fl. Ross.; Feilden, Fl. pi. Nov. Zeml.; Andersson & 

 Hesselman, Spetsb. karlv. ; Hartman, Skand. Fl. ; A. Blytt, Norg. Fl. 

 Fig. Fl. Dan., T. 1442; Sv. Hot., T. 490. 



As the above synonyms show several authors in later times have 

 adopted the Linnaean name E. polystachium for the plant, which has 

 usually gone under the name E. angustifoliiim, Roth. This doubtless 

 is a right measure, provided only that it can be proved that Linnaeus 

 has looked upon it as the typical E. polystachium. I have nowhere 

 found a detailed examination of the question, and I have therefore 

 thought it best to undertake it. In Sp. plant., Ed. 1, p. 52, only E. 

 polystachium is set up without any varieties, viz., no difference is here 

 made between the three species which have afterwards been found to 



