HISTORICAL SKETCH. ii 



Medial and Lower series, the former of which is now known to 

 be largely Eocene, while the latter included not only part of the 

 present marine Cretaceous, but the Raritan and Magothy for- 

 mations as well. 



During the decade of 1830 to 1840, geological surveys were 

 organized in New York, New Jersey, Delaware and Maryland 

 and these were directed, or taken part in, by William M. Mather, 

 Henry D. Rogers, J. C. Booth, and J. T. Ducatel, respectively. 

 Professor Rogers' first report, published in 1836, and his final 

 report of four years later, recognized the following Cretaceous 

 formations in New Jersey: 



Brown Sandstone. 

 Ferruginous Sand. 

 Limestone. 

 Greensand. 

 Clays and Sand. 



The lowermost of these, in a vague manner, corresponds to 

 the Raritan formation of modern authors. Ducatel, in liis 

 report for 1837, records the Cretaceous from the eastern shore 

 of Maryland, and Booth, in his report, which was published 

 in 1841, divides the "Upper Secondary" of Delaware into the 

 "Red Clay" and "Greensand" formations. In his first reports 

 (1837 and 1838) Mather mentions the clays and sands of Staten 

 and Long Islands, and he points out their probable equivalency 

 with those "of Cheesequake and Matavan Point, on the New 

 Jersey shore." The earlier New Jersey Survey having come 10 

 an end, a considerable interval elapsed during which local geo- 

 logical activity was at a standstill. The second survey was 

 organized under William Kitchell, with George H. Cook as as- 

 sistant geologist, and in the first report for the year 1854, Cook 

 commenced his series of contributions to the Cretaceous belt 

 of New Jersey, which continued year by year until his death, 

 in 1889, after a service as State Geologist extending over twenty- 

 five years. 



Considerable space is devoted to the Woodbridge and South 

 Amboy clays in Professor Cook's Geology of New Jersey, pub- 

 lished in 1868. His divisions were as follows: 



