SCROPHULARIACE^. (fIGWORT FAMILY.) 89 



most important American genera are Pentstemon, 75 species, found, with one exception, 

 only in North America, and mostly within the limits of the United States between the 

 Hocky Mountains ajad the Sierra Nevada; Mimulus, represented in other countries, but 

 most largely in North America, where there are 30 species, about two thirds of which 

 grow in California, west of the Sierra Nevada, only 2 species reaching the Atlantic 

 States; Orthocarpus, 24 species, all North American, except one, and west of the 

 Mississippi, IG belonging to California; Gerardia, 24 species, mostly in the Atlantic 

 States, and none reaching the Rocky Mountains; Castilleia, 23 species, 2 Asiatic, 3 in the 

 Atlantic States, and 8 or 9 in California; Pedicularis, a large genus, mostly in the arctic 

 regions and on high mountains of the temperate zone, 28 American species; CoUinsia, 15 

 species, all Califomian, except two, which grow in the Mississippi Valley. Several 

 showy species of shrubby Veronicas are cultivated. This large genu?, numbering 40 

 species in New Zealand alone, is represented in the United States by only a few obscure 

 herbs. Digitalis, commonly cultivated under the name of Foxglove, has run wild about 

 Humboldt Bay and in the Willamette Valley. 



Many plants belonging to the genera Pentstemon, Collinsia, and Mimulus are culti- 

 vated on account of their beautiful flowers. Pentstemons are mostly confined to hilly or 

 mountainous districts. CoUinsias grow everjrwhere. Most species of Mimulus prefer 

 moist places, but the only shrubby species, M. glutlnosus, grows on dry, rocky hillsides. 



Two species of Verbascum {Mullein) are found in the State, but probably not within our limits; V, 

 Thajians, L., with woolly decurrent leaves and V. virgatum. Withe., distinguished by nearly smooth not 

 decurreut leaves and violet bearded filaments. 



* Leaves mostly alternate; corolla personate. 



Corolla spurred at base Linaria. 1 



Corolla gibbous at base Antirrhinum. 2 



* * Leaves opposite or whorled. 

 Corolla erect, the anterior lobe reflexed, the other 4 erect, a scale in the throat on 



the upper side Scrophularia. 3 



Corolla declined, the middle lower lobe infolding the stamens and style . . . Collinsia. 4 



CaroUa with a fifth sterile filament on the upper side Pentstemon. 5 



Stigma 2-hpped or disk-like Mimulus. 6 



* * * Corolla rotate or short-campanulate. 



Calyx 5-toothed; corolla campanulate Limosella. 7 



Calyx 4-parted; corolla 4-lobed, rotate Veronica. 8 



* * * * Corolla tubular; the ujiper Up erect or incurved, laterally compressed, usually en- 

 closing the ascending stamens. 



Corolla narrow with almost obsolete lower lip Castilleia. 9 



Corolla with saccate lower lip of 3 lobes Orthocarpus. 10 



