FLORA OF PENNSYLVANIA 



Subkingdom SPERMATOPHYTA 



Seed-bearing Plants 



Ovules and seeds borne on the face of a bract or a scale : stigma wanting. 



Class I. Gymnospermae. 

 Ovules and seeds borne in a closed cavity (ovary): stigma present. 



Class 2. Angiospermae. 



Ci^ASS I. GYMNOSPERMAE. 



Order 1. FINALES. 



Pistillate flowers several, with carpellary scales, these sometimes bracted : fruit 



a cone, either dry or berry-like. Fam. i. Pinaceae. 



Pistillate flowers solitary, without carpellary scales: fruit drupaceous or baccate. 



Fam. 2. Taxaceae. 



Family i. PINACEAE Lindl. Pine Family. 

 Carpellary scales with bracts : ovules inverted : buds scaly : wing accompanying 

 the seed a portion of the carpellary scale. 

 Leaves several together, surrounded by a sheath at the base : cones maturing 



the second year. i. Pinus. 



Leaves solitary or clustered, without sheaths : cones maturing the first year. 

 Cones drooping : bracts shorter than the scales. 

 Leaves 4-sided, spreading : anther-sacs opening lengthwise. 



2. PiCEA. 



Leaves flat, apparently 2-ranked : anther-sacs opening transversely. 



3. TsuGA. 

 Cones erect or spreading : bracts longer than the scales. 



Leaves persistent, solitary : cone-scales deciduous. 4. Abies. 

 Leaves deciduous, clustered: cone-scales persistent. 5. Larix. 

 Carpellary scales without bracts : ovules erect : buds naked : wing of the seed, 

 when present, part of the testa. 

 Plants monoecious : cones with dry merely imbricated scales. 

 Cones elongated : scales not peltate : seeds winged at both ends. 



6. Thuja. 

 Cones nearly globose : scales peltate : seeds slightly winged. 



7. Chamaecyparis_ 

 Plants dioecious : cones with fleshy and coalescent scales. 



8. Juniperus. 

 1. PINUS L. 



A. Cone-scales with inconspicuous terminal unarmed appendages : leaves in 

 5's. I. P. Strobus. 



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