38 GRAMINEAE 



b. First empty scale more than % as long as the second. 



Spikelets 3-4-flowered ; flowering scales glabrous or nearly so, appressed 



to the rachilla. 

 Spikelets 6-13-flowered ; flowering scales usually strongly hispidulous, 

 decidedly diverging from the rachilla. 2. F. octqflora. 



B. Perennials : stamens 3. 

 L,eaf-blades very narrow, 2 mm. wide or less, involute or folded. 



Leaf-blades setaceous : flowering scales short-awned. 3. F. ovina. 



Leaf-blades filiform : flowering scales awnless. 4. F. capillata. 



Leaf-blades 3 mm. wide or more, flat. 



Panicle open, its branches at maturity ascending or spreading : spikelets 

 usually less than 6-flowered. 

 Panicle branches elongated, spikelet-bearing toward the end. 



5. F. nutans. 

 Panicle branches not elongated, spikelet-bearing from at or below the 

 middle. 

 Flowering scales obtuse, 4-5 mm. long. 6. F. obtusa. 



Flowering scales acute, 6-7 mm. long. 

 Panicle contracted, its branches erect or appressed : spikelets often 10- 

 flowered. 7. F. elatior. 



1. Festuca Myuros L. Rat's-tail Fescue-grass. (Man. p. 146; 

 I. F.y^ 4gS. ) In waste places and fields, eastern Mass. to N. J. and Fla. 

 Also on the Pacific Coast. — Peimsylvania : Bucks. 



2. Festuca octoflora Walt. Slender Fescue grass. (Man p. 146; 

 I. F.y. 797.) In fields and waste places, Labrador to B. C., N. J., Colo, 

 and Calif. Mostly nat. from Eu., but probably indigenous northward. — 

 Pennsylvania: Chester; Delaware; Bucks; Northampton; Lan- 

 caster ; Huntingdon ; Erie ; Franklin. 



3. Festuca ovina L. Sheep's Fescue-grass. (Man. p. 146 ; I. F. 

 /. Soo.) Dry sandy soil, Quebec to B. C, Fla., Tex. and Calif. — Penn- 

 sylvania : Pike. 



3a. F. ovina duriuscula (L.) Hack. (Man. p. 147.) Bucks; 

 Northampton, Chester, Erie. 



4. Festuca capillata Lam. Fjliform Fescue-grass. (Man. p. 

 147 ; I. F. y. sood.) Fields and roadsides. Me. and N. Y. and southward. 

 Introd. from Eu. — Pennsylvania : Adventive about the large cities. 



5. Festuca nutans Willd. Nodding Fescue-grass. (Man. p. 147; 

 I. F./.jo^.) In rocky woods, N. S. to Neb. Fla. and Tex. — Pennsyl- 

 vatiia : Delaware ; Chester ; Bucks ; Northampton ; Lancaster ; 

 Huntingdon; Allegheny; Venango; Erie; Somerset; Phila- 

 delphia ; Franklin ; Wayne. 



6. Festuca obtusa Spreng. Short's Fescue-grass. (Man. p. 147 ; 

 I. F.y. 50J.) In swamps and thickets. Pa. to Kans. , Miss, and Tex. — 

 Pennsylvania : Lancaster, Dillerville Swamp. 



7. Festuca elatior L. Tall or Meadow Fescue-grass. (Man. p. 

 147 ; I. F./. joi-.) In fields and waste places, N. S. to Ont., N. C, Tenn. 

 and Kans. Nat. from Eu. — Pennsylvania: Delaware; Chester; 

 Bucks ; Northampton ; Lancaster ; Franklin ; Huntingdon ; 

 Blair ; Erie ; Jefferson ; Philadelphia. 



