SPERMATOPHYTA 



Seed-bearing or Flowering Plants. 



Page 

 Ovules aud seeds borne on the surface of an open bract or scale; stigmas wanting. 



Class I. GYMNOSPERMAE 17 

 Ovules and seeds in a closed cavity (ovary), formed by one or more imited modified 

 leaves, with one or more stigmas at tlie end. 



Class II. ANGIOSPERMAE 19 



Cotyledons usually single; earlier leaves alternate; leaves mostly parallel-veined; 



stem endogenous. Subclass 1. :\Ionocotyledoxes 19 



Cotvledons mostly 2; earlier leaves opposite; leaves mostly netted-veined; 



stem e.iogenous. Subclass 2. Dicotyledones 60 



KEY TO THE FA^IILIES. 

 Class 1. GYMNOSPERMAE. Xaked-seeded Plants. 



Perianth none ; trees or shrubs with needle- or scale-like leaves not sheathing. 

 Pistillate flowers in aments; fruit a cone, either dry or berry-like. 



Carpellary scales subtended by bracts, never peltate; ovules inverted; buds 

 scaly ; wings of the seeds formed from a portion of the carpellary scales. 



1. PrNACEAE 17 



Carpellary scales not subtended by bracts, mostly peltate or fleshy; ovules 

 erect; buds naked; wings of the seeds, if present, a part of the seed- 

 coat. 2. JUNIPERACEAE 18 



Pistillate flowers single or in pairs, without carpellary scales; fruit drupaceous 



or baccate. 3. Taxaceae 18 



Perianth present, urn-shaped; pistillate flowers single or in pairs; horsetail-like 

 shrubs with jointed branches and the leaves reduced to sheathing scales. 



4. Ephedraceae 18 



Class 2. ANGIOSPERMAE Seed-vesseled Plants. 



Subclass 1. MONOCOTYLEDONES. 



Small lens-shaped, ellipsoid, or flask-shaped floating aquatics without leaves. 



15. Lemnaceae 49 



Plants with true stems and leaves, the latter however, sometimes scale-like. 



Perianth rudimentary or degenerate, its members often bristles or mere scales, 

 not corolla-like, or wanting. 

 Flowers not in the a.\ils of dry or chaffy bracts (glumes). 

 Perianth of bristles or chaffy scales. 



Flowers in elongate terminal spikes; fruit hidden among bristles. 



5. Typhaceae. 19 

 Flowers in globose lateral spikes; fruit not hidden among bristles. 



6. Sparganiaceae 19 

 Perianth fleshy or herbaceous, or wanting. 



Flowers in dense spikes subtended by an enlarged bract (spathe) ; 

 fruit baccate; endosperm present; emersed water or bog plants. 



14. Araceae 49 



Flowers, if spicate, not subtended bj^ a spathe; fruit drupaceous; 

 endosperm wanting; submerged water plants 

 Gynoecium of distinct carpels; stigma disk-like or cup-like. 



7. Zanichelliaceae 19 

 Gynoecium of united carpels: stigmas 2-4, sleedes. 



8. Najadaceae 20 

 Flowers in the a.xils of dry or chaffy, usually imbricate bracts (glumes). 



Leaves 2-ranked, their sheaths, with their margins not united; stem 



mostly hollow; fruit a grain. 12. Poace.ae 21 



Leaves 3-ranked, their sheaths with united margins; stems solid; fruit an 



achene. 13. Cyperaceae 40 



I'eriaQth of 2 distinct series, the inner series usually coroUoid. 

 Gynoecium of distinct carpels. 



Petals similar to the sepals; anthers long and narrow; carpels coherent. 



9. SCHEUCHZERI.A.CEAE 20 



Petals different from the sepals, in ours wiiite; anthers short and thick; 



carpels not coherent. 10. Alismaceae 20 



Ciynoecium of united carpels. 



Stamens numerous; water plants with broad netted-veined floating leaf- 

 blades. 47. Nyaiph.^eaceae 86 



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