KEY TO THE FAMILIES 15 



Median axis of the gynoecium in 

 tlie same plane as the axis of 

 the stem; seeds mostly pitted. 



116. SOL.\N.\CEAE 204 



Median axis of the gynoecium not 

 in the same plane as the axis of 

 the stem; seed tuberculate. 

 {Vcrbascum in) 



117. SCROPHUL.\RIACEAE 208 



Fruit of 1-4 nutlets; ovary more or less dis- 

 tinctly 4-Iobed. 

 Style or stigma furnished with a glandular 



ring. 112. Heliotropaceae 193 



Style or stigma not furnished with a 

 glandular ring. 

 Fruit 4 dry nutlets. 



11.3. BOR.\GIXACEAE 193 



Fruit more or less drupaceous. 



111. Ehretiaceae 193 



Stamens 4 and didynamous, or 2 or 1. 



Stamens 2 and opposite to each other; corolla 



regular. 101. Oleaceae 179 



Stamens, if 2, not opposite to each other, 

 nor the corolla regular. 

 Carpels ripening into 2 or 4 nutlets, an 

 achene, or a drupe. 

 Style apical on the lobeless ovary. 



114. Verbenaceae 201 

 Style arising between the 4 lobes of 



the ovary. 



115. L.\miaceae 201 

 Carpels ripening into a capsule. 



Placentae of the ovary axile. 



Ovary 2-celled, rarely 3-o-celled; 

 land-plants. 



117. SCROPHUK^RIACEAE 206 



Ovary 1-celled: ours submerged 

 water plants or bog plants. 



118. Lextibul.\RI.\ceae 217 

 Placentae of the ovary parietal. 



Herbs parasitic on the roots of 

 other plants; leaves scale-like, 

 not green. 



119. Orob.anchaceae 218 

 Herbs with green leaves, not para- 

 sitic. 120. Martyniaceae 218 



** Corolla scarious, veinless; fruit a pyxis. 



121. Pl.\ntaginaceae 218 



B. Ovary inferior. 



Stamens with the filaments free from the corolla. 



Stamens 10; anther-sacs opening by terminal pores or chinks. 



99. Vaccini.\ceae 176 



Stamens 5 or fewer; anther-sacs opening by longitudinal slits 



Corolla regular; anthers distinct. 130. Campanulaceae 222 



Corolla irregular; anthers united. 131. Lobeliaceae 222 



Stamens adnate to the corolla. 



Ovary with 2-many fertile cavities and 2-many ovules; calyx un- 

 modified, at least not a pappus. 

 Plants tendril-bearing. 129. Cucurbitaceae 222 



Plants not tendril-bearing. 



Ovules mostly on basal placentae; plants parasitic or saprophy- 

 tic. 

 Leaves opposite; fruit a berry; tree-parasites. 



125. LORANTIIACEAE 221 



Leaves alternate; fruit a drupe or nut; root-para'ites or 



saprophytes. 126. SANTAL.\tEAE 221 



Ovules variously borne, but not on a basal placenta; plants 

 not parasitic. 

 Stamens as many as the corolla-lobes. 



Leaves with " stipules (often leaf-like and usually re- 

 garded as leaves) adnate to the stem between the 

 leaf-bases. 122. Rubiaceae 219 



Leaves without stipules or if present these adnate to 



the petioles. 123. Caprifoliackae 219 



Stamens twice as many as the corolla-lobes; low herbs with 



ternately dissected leaves. 124. Adoxaceae 221 



Ovary with one fertile cavity; calyx often modified into a pappus. 

 Flowers not in heads, often in head-like spikes or racemes. 



127. Valerian.\ceae 221 



Flowers in involucrate heads. 



Flowers all with tubular corollas or none, or only the ray- 

 flowers with ligulate corollas. 



