VIOLET FAMILY 157 



Basal leaves ovate to lanceolate, denticulate. 



Basal leaves 5-9 cm. long, ovate to elliptic. 16. V. linguaefolia. 



Basal leaves 2-5 cm. long. 



Basal leaves narrowly ovate, obtuse. 17. V. vallicola. 



Basal leaves lanceolate, acute or subacute. IS. V. Nuttallii. 

 First peduncles from the upper half of the stem. 



Style and lateral petals beardless. 19. V. hi flora. 



Style and lateral petals bearded. 



Upper part of stem and its leaves nearly glabrous. 



20. V. glabella. 

 Upper part of stem and its leaves densely short-pubescent. 



21. v. pubescens. 

 Flowers not yellow. 



Petals white on the inner face, with a yellow base, on the outer face usually 

 purplish. 



Underground stolons present. 22. V. rugulosa. 

 Stolons lacking. 



Stems usually 15-35 cm. high. 23. V. canadensis. 



Stems usually 10-15 cm. high. 24. V. scopulorum. 

 Petals violet or purple. 



Stipules sharply or bristly toothed; perennials. 



Plant dwarf; leaves cuneate, glabrous. 25. V. bellidi folia. 

 Plant over 1 dm. high, usually puberulent. 



Leaves 2-3 cm. long, seeds 1.5 mm. long. 26. V. adunca. 



Leaves 3-5 cm. long, seeds 2 mm. long. 27. V. montanensis. 



Stipules leaf-like, pectinate at base; annuals. 28. V. Bafinesquii. 



2. CALCEOLARIA Loefl. Green Violet. l. C. verticillata. 



Family 87. LOASACEAE. Loasa Family. 



Stamens numerous; styles several, more or less distinct; seeds several or many. 

 Styles and placentae 3; flowers subsessile. 



Placentae with horizontal lamellae between the seeds; these in two rows. 



Filaments 3-cleft at the apex, the middle tooth bearing the anther, the lateral 

 ones cuspidate; seeds angled or with folds, not winged; annuals. 



1. BlCUSPID.^RIA. 



Filaments not cleft; seeds very flat, more or less winged; perennials or bien- 

 nials. 2. Nuttalll\. 

 Placentae without lamellae; seeds usually prismatic. 



Placentae filiform; ovules in one row, 10^0; seeds minutely muricate, not 



striate: filaments free or nearly so. 3. Acrol.'VSIA. 



Placentae bioad, band-like; ovules in 1-2 rows, few; seeds distinctly striate, 



often rugose; filaments at the base miited with the petals into a ring. 



4. Mentzeli.\. 

 Styles and placentae 5 ; flowers distinctly pedicelled. 5. Eucnide. 



tamens 5; styles simple; seed soUtary. 6. Pet.\lonyx. 



1. BICUSPIDARIA (S. Wats.) Rydb. l. B. tricuspis. 



2. NUTTALLIA Raf. Sand Lily, Blazing Star. 



Petal-like staminodia present; petals therefore apparently 10 or nearly that number. 

 Petals golden or greenish yellow, rarely more than 2 cm. long. 



Seeds irregularly angled on the faces; petals greenish yellow. 1. N. lutea. 

 Seeds not angled on the faces; petals golden yellow. 



Upper leaves entire, narrowly Unear. 2. ^V. multicaulis. 



All leaves pinnatifld or lobed. 



Petals obtuse; seeds broadly winged. 



Lower leaves at least deeply pinnatifld, with linear-oblong or lanceolate 



lobes. 3. N. jnulliflora. 



Leaves sinuately lobed or toothed, with triangular-ov^ate lobes or teeth. 

 Stem glabrous; all leaves oblanceolate; capsule somewhat turbinate 



at the base. 4. N. lobata. 



Stem pubescent; upper leaves lanceolate, with broad clasping bases; 

 capsule rounded at the base. 5. N . pterosperma. 



Petals acute. 



Capsule 7-10 mm. long; lobes of the leaves narrowly linear. 



6. N. humilis. 

 Capsule over 12 mm. long; lobes of the leaves not narrowly linear. 



Plants low, less than 4 dm. high; leaves less than 6 cm. long; petals 

 less than 15 mm. long; seeds broadly winged. 

 Leaves sinuately dentate or crenate, the lower ones oblanceolate 



or spatiilate, the upper ovate-lanceolate. 7. iV. Integra. 

 Leaves mostly pimiatifid. 



Plant simple below; lobes of the leaves short, broadly oblong. 



8. N. pumila. 

 Plant much branched and suffruticose at the base; lobes of 

 the leaves narrow, linear or lanceolate. 9. A^. densa. 

 Plants tall, usually 4 dm. high, or more; leaves often 1 dm. long; 

 petals 15-20 mm. long; seed less broadly winged. 



