PLANTAIN FAMILY 219 



Bracts neither aristate nor foliaceous, slightly if at all exceeding the flowers. 

 Bracts linear-subulate: spike long-cylindric. 10. P. Furshii. 



Bracts ovate, obtuse; spike globose to oblong. 11. P. scariosa. 



Flowers subdioecious or polygamo-dioecious ; corolla in the fertile plant remaining closed 

 or early closing over the capsule; stamens 2; leaves flliform. 12. P. elongata. 



F.\MiLY 122. RUBIACEAE. Madder Family. 



Leaves opposite; corolla funnelform. I.Kelloggia. 

 Leaves apparently verticillate; corolla rotate. 



Flowers 3— 4-merous, usually wliite: fruit dry. 2. G.^LIUM. 



Flowers 5-merous, yellow; fruit baccate. 3. RUBIA. 



1. KELLOGGIA Torr. l. K. galioides. 



2. GALIUM L. Bedstraw, Cleavers. 



Flowers perfect; fruit hirsute with uncinnate hairs, or glabrous. 

 Annuals. 



Stem coarse, reclining; leaves 6-8 in the whorls. 

 Leaves linear or oblanceolate. 



Leaves 2-7 cm. long; nutlets when ripe 3-5 mm. in diameter; flowers white. 



1. G. Aparine. 

 Leaves 0.5-2 cm. long; nutlet when ripe 2-3 mm. in diameter; flowers 

 ocliroleucous. 2. G. Vaillantii. 



Leaves eUiptic. 10. G. flaviflorum. 



Stem slender, erect or ascending; leaves 2-4 in the whorls. 

 Leaves ovate or oblong, 5-7 mm. long; fruit nearly sessile. 



3. G. proliferum. 

 Leaves Linear-oblong or linear, often 10-20 mm. long; fruit distinctly peduncled. 



4. G. Mfolium. 

 Perennials. 



Leaves not cuspidate-pointed. 



Stem stout; leaves tliick, 3-nerved. 5. G. boreale. 



Stem very slender; leaves 1-nerved. 



Leaves mostly 4 in the whorls, .5-15 mm. long. 



Leaves obovate to broadly oblong-lanceolate, somewhat fleshy. 



Corolla-lobes almost 1 mm. long; pedicels and generally also the 



stem glabrous. 6. G. Brandegei. 



Corolla-lobes about 0.5 mm. long; pedicels and stem more or less 

 scabrous. 7. G. subbiflorum. 



Leaves linear-oblong or Unear-oblanceolate. 8. G. trifidum. 



Leaves of the stem mostly 5-6 in the whorls, 15-30 mm. long. 



9. G. columbianum 

 Leaves cuspidate-pointed. 



Fruit uncinate long-liispid ; stem glabrous or sparingly hirsute or bristly; 

 inflorescence a.xillary, mostly simple. 

 Stem retrorse-bristly ; pedicels scarcely e.xceeding the bracts. 



10. G. flaviflorum. 

 Stem glabrou-s or sparingly hirsute; pedicels much exceeding the small 

 bracts. 11. G. triflorum. 



Fruit minutely hispidulous or granular-scabroiLs ; stem scabrous on the angles; 

 inflor&scence panicled. 

 Leaves firm, with strong midrib, lanceolate or oblanceolate; pedicels in 



friiit somewhat spreading. 12. G. asperulum. 



Leaves thin, oblong, rounded and mucronate at the apex; pedicels very 

 fine, in fruit spreading at right angles. 13. G. filipes. 



Flowers dioecious, in small cjTnes; fruit with long, not tmcinate hairs; perennials. 

 Leaves Unear. 14. G. coloradense. 



Leaves ovate or lanceolate. 

 Plant glabrous or nearly so. 



Leaves of the stem lanceolate to ovate, S-15 mm. long. 15. G. Watsoni. 

 Leaves broadly ovate, 5-8 mm. long. 16. G. Bloomeri. 



Plant decidedly puberulent. 



Plant pruinose-puberulent ; leaves broadly ovate, not cuspidate. 



17. G. multiflorum. 

 Plant hispidulous-puberulent; leaves lanceolate, cuspidate. 



18. G. slellatum. 



3. RUBIA L. Madder. l. R. tinctorum. 



Family 123. CAPRIFOLIACEAE. Hoxeysuckle Family. 



style deeply 3-5-cleft; slirubs or trees with compound cymose inflorescence and drupace- 

 ous fruit. 

 Leaves pinnate; ovary 3-5-celled, each cell with one ovule. 1 . S.iMBUCU.s. 



Leaves simple: ovary 1-celled and l-o\-uled. 2. ViBunxuii. 



Style slender, undivided: stigma capitate. 



Trailmg evergreen herb; flowers long-peduncled, geminate; stamens 4, didj-namous 



3. Li.vxaea. 



