THISTLE FAMILY 253 



Bracts lance-ovate; inflorescence narrow. 7. G. mic.rocephalum. 



Leaves on the upper surface green and decidedly glandular, decurrent; involucres 

 glabrous. 8. G. Macounii. 



Heads leaf y-bracted ; involucral bracts little imbricate, brown or greenish; plant low; 

 involucre floccose at the base. 

 Plants loosely floccose; leaves broad, spatulate, oblong or oblanceolate. 



9. G. palustre. 

 Plants appressed-tomentose ; leaves except the lowest narrowly oblanceolate or 

 linear. 

 Stem diff'usely branched: glomerifles crowded, cymosely disposed. 



Upper leaves narrowly oblanceolate. 10. G. uiiginosum. 



Upper leaves narrowly linear. 11. G. exilifolium. 



Stem mostlv simple, erect; glomerules spicately disposed. 



12. G. Grayi. 

 Bristles of the pappus united in a ring at the base and falling off together: leaves ob- 

 lanceolate or spatulate. 13. G. ustulalum. 



58. ADENOCAULON Hook. l. A. bicolor. 



59. MELAMPODIUM L. l. M. leucanthum. 



60. SILPHIUM L. RosiNWEED, Compass Plant. 1. s. integrifolium. 



61. ENGELMANNIA T. & G. l. E. pinnatifida. 



62. BOLOPHYTA Nutt. l. B. alpina. 



63. PARTHENICE A. Gray. l. P. mollis. 



64. CRASSINA Scepin. 



Ligules large, much longer than the disk. 1. C. grandiflora. 



Ligules scarcely longer than the disk. 2. C. anomala. 



65. HELIOPSIS L. Ox-eye. i . H. scabra. 



66. BRAUNERIA Neck. Purple Cone-flower. l. B. angustifolia. 



67. GYMNOLOMIA H.B.K. 



Perennials'. 



Leaves lanceolate : caudex thick, lignescent. 1. G. multi flora. 



Leaves linear: caudex slender. 2. G. linearis. 

 Annuals: leaves Unear. 



Plant finely strigose. 3. G. annua. 



Plant hispid. 4. G. ciliata. 



68. RUDBECKIA L. Cone-flower, Golden Glow, Nigger-heads. 



Heads radiate: disk in fruit spherical or oblong. 



Leaves entire or merely toothed: plant liispid. 1. R. hirta. 



Leaves except the uppermost 3-5-cleft or pinnatifld; plant glabrous or nearly so. 



2. R. ampla. 

 Heads discoid; disk in fruit cyhndraceous. 



Leaves pinnately parted. 3. R. montana. 



Leaves undivided, toothed or entire. 4. R. occidentalis. 



69. RATIBIDA Raf. Cone-flower. 



Disk in fruit oblong, about 1 cm. long; pappus of 1-2 awn-like teeth, without intermediate 



squamellae. 1. R. Tagetes. 



Disk in fruit cylindraceous, 2-4 cm. long; pappus with a series of squamellae. 



2. R. columnifera. 



70. GALINSOGA R. & P. l. G. parviflora. 



71. BALSAMORRHIZA Hook. Balsam-root. 



Leaves entire or bluntly toothed, never pinnatifld. 

 Plant white-tomentose. 



Leaves with entire margins or slightly imdulate, oblong-cordate to hastate. 



1. B. sagittata. 

 Leaves more or less distinctly toothed, ovate-lanceolate, with subcordate base. 



2. B. lomenlosa. 

 Plant hirsute-puberulent : basal leaves cordate. 



Ligules hnear, deciduous: achenes glabrous. 3. B. delloidea. 



Ligules oval, becoming papery, and more or less persistent; achenes puberulent. 



4. B. Careyana. 

 Leaves mostly pinnatifld or at least incisedly toothed. 

 Plant canescent or white-tomentose. 

 Plants loosely wliite-tomentose. 



