261 CARDUACEAE 



Heads nodding in the bud, usually discoid. I. EradiataE. 



Heads erect in bud, radiate. 



Basal leaves cordate or ovate, long-petioled. 



Pappus white, merely barbellate; involucre turbinate (except in A. granulifera), 

 not conspicuously glandular-hirsute (except in A. paniculata). 

 Achenes densely hirsute: involucre densely villous at the base. 



II. CORDIFOLIAE. 



Achenes glabrous, glandular-puberulent, or with a few scattered hairs above. 

 Involucre, peduncle, and achenes densely glandular-granuliferous. 

 Involucre hemispheric; disk about 15 mm. high. 



III. Grantjlifer.^e. 

 Involucre turbinate; disk 10-12 mm high. IV. Graciles. 



Involucre sUghtly villous at the base, scarcely glandular, turbinate; 

 disk about 1.5 mm. liigh. V. L.\tifoli.\e. 



Pappus tawny or brownish, dLstinctly plumose; involucre distinctly glandular- 

 liirsute. VI. Diversifoll\e. 



Basal leaves lanceolate or oblanceolate, short-petioled. 

 Pappus distinctly plumose, brownish. 



Achenes glandular-granuUferous ; involucre glandular-granuliferous and 

 somewhat liirsute; leaves narrowly Unear-lanceolate, entire or nearly so. 



VII. Longifoli.\e. 

 Achenes pubescent, not glandular; involucre usually glandular-hirsute (vil- 

 lous in A. gracilenta and glandular-granuliferous in A. arcana). 



VIII. JSlOLLES. 



Pappus merely barbellate, white or yellowish. 



Leaves numerous, more or less grayish, the larger more than 7 cm. long; 



pappus yellowish; heads many. IX. Foliosae 



Leaves rather few, green, the larger not more than 7 cm. long; pappus 

 white; heads 1-3. X. Alpixae. 



Stem-leaves 1-3 pairs, the upper much reduced, linear or Unear-lanceolate; heads 1-3. 



Involucre hemispheric, glandular-hirsute; pappus brown, plumose. 



XI. Peduxcul.\tae. 

 Involucres turbinate, villous at the base (glandular only in .4. arnoglossa); pappu> 

 wWte, barbellate. X. Alpixae. 



Heads nodding in bud. XII. Lessingiaxae. 



I. ERADIATAE. 



One species. 1- ^- Parryi. 



II. CORDIFOLLVE. 



Heads numerous; involucre more or less glandular-hirsute; bracts linear. 



A. paniculata. 



Heads 1-3, rarely 5; involucre villous, only with subsessile glands. 



Plant 2-4 dm. high; leaves tlun, usually coarsely toothed; bracts oblanceolate. 



Lower leaves with a close sinus, their teeth saUent. 3. A. grandifolia. 



Lower leaves with an open sinus, their teeth directed forward. 



4. A. cordifolia. 

 Plant 1-2 dm. (rarely 3 dm.) high; leaves thick, subentire, or wdth a few teeth: bracts 

 linear-lanceolate. 5. .4. pumila. 



III. GR.4XULIFERAE. 



One species. 6. A. granulifera. 



IV. Graciles. 



Upper leaves not linear. ,j^^ ^ , 



Bracts Unear-lanceolate; leaves thm, usually more or less dentate. 7. A. gracilis. 



Bracts oblanceolate; leaves thick, usually entire. 8. A. puberula. 



Upper stem-leaves linear, much reduced. 9. A. arnoglossa. 



V. Latifoliae. 



Leaves decidedly hairy, especially above. 10. A. Jonesii. 



Leaves nearly glabrous. , .,, „ ^^ ., ^ ■ v. 



Achenes sUghtly glandular-granuhferous, and with a few scattered han-s above. 

 Leaves not salientlv toothed, merely denticulate. 11. A. ventorum. 



Leaves saUently and coarsely toothed. 12. A. Menziesii. 



Achenes glabrous; leaves more or less toothed. 13. A. latifolia. 



VI. Diversifoliae. 



Leaves tloin, nearly glabrous. Ij. A. silvatica. 



Leaves tliick, densely glandular-puberulent, at least above. lo. A. diversifolia. 



VII. LOXGIFOLIAE. 



Involucre merely puberulent or glandular-granuliferous; leaves not caudate-attenuate; 



stem usuaUy over 3 dm. liigh. 16. .4. longifolia. 



Involucre copiously hirsute, as weU as puberulent; leaves caudate-acummate. 



17. A. caudala. 



VIII. MOLLES. 



Involucre villous, not at aU glandular or viscid. IS. A. macilenta. 



Involucre more or less glandular or viscid. ..^ ,. u-. . • 



Involucre densely glandular-granuliferous, only with a few white hairs. 



19. A. arcana. 

 Involucre decidedlv viUous or hir-sute, as well as glandular. 



Middle stem-leaves broadly ovate, less than 5 cm. long; st-em 2-3 dm. high. 



