KEY TO THE FAMILIES OF PHANEROGAMS 

 DESCRIBED IN THIS MANUAL. 



CLASS I. 



GYMNOSPERMS. Ovules not enclosed in an ovary. 



Trees or shrubs ; leaves usually evergreen and needle-shaped (tr scale-like ; 

 flowers moncecious or dia'cious ; fruit a dry or fleshy cone. 



1. riiiaceai. 



CLASS II. 



ANGIOSPERMS. Ovules enclosed in an ovary. 



Subclass 1. — Monocotyledons. Flowers usually on the ]>l;ui of 3, 

 never of 5 ; leaves usually parallel-veined ; cotyledon single. 



Flowers glumaceous. 



Flowers 2-bracted ; leaves 2-ranked ; stem 



cylindrical 



Flowers 1-bracted ; leaves o-ranked ; stem 

 triangular 



Flowers on a spadix. 



Spadix spike-like ; perianth of bristles 



Spadix simple, fleshy 



Spadix branched 



Flowers not on a spadix. 



Cancels several, distinct .... 

 Carpels united. 



Perianth free, or united (inly to the base of the 

 ovary. 

 Perianth regular, segments chalfy 



4. Gramincae. 



0. Cyperaceaj. 



2. Typhacea-. 



7. Aracea'. 



(J. Sabalacciv. 



:>. Alismaceiu. 



I 1. JuncacL'X'. 



