CLASS I. GYMNOSPERM^. 



Plants without a closed ovary, style, or stigma ; seeds pro- 

 duced between dry or fleshy scales which are borne in small 

 spikes or clusters, and which form a cone or berry ; cotyle- 

 dons usually three or more. 



1. PINACEiE. PINE FAMILY. 



Trees or shrubs ; wood of disk-bearing tissue, without ducts ; 

 juice resinous ; leaves mostly evergreen, filiform, linear or 

 scale-like ; flowers monoecious or dioecious, destitute of calyx 

 and corolla ; staminate flowers each consisting of a catkin-like 

 spike, the stamens several in a cluster, with scale-like bracts; 

 ovules solitary or several on the upper surface of a scale 

 which usually has a small bract at its base, the scales matur- 

 ing into a woody or papery cone or a fleshy berry. 



I. PINUS. 



Trees; leaves of two kinds, tlie earlier thin, chaffy, and 

 scale-like, the later from the axils of the earlier, 2-5 in a 

 cluster, their bases enclosed in a persistent, scarious sheatli, 

 evergreen, needle-like, 1-15 in. long ; flowers monoecious ; 

 staminate ones clustered at the base of shoots of the present 

 season ; the stamen clusters arranged spirally, each in the 

 axil of a scale-like bract ; filaments very short ; ])istillate 

 flowers on twigs of tlie })revi()us season, in small clusters or 

 sometimes solitary, consisting of deciduous bracts spirally 

 arranged, and in the axil of each bract a scale bearing at its 

 base on the ujiper surface two ovules ; scales becoming tliick- 

 ened and woody, forming a cone at maturity ; seeds winged. 



1. P. I'ALiTSTUis Mill. LoNG-LKAVKi) TiNK. A large tfoo ; bark 

 thiii-scalt'd, \vf)f)(l v<M-y resinous, did trees willi only a few sj»re:i(liiig 



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