106 ELEMENTS OF BOTANY. 



2-5, distinct or united at the base, ovary usually 5-celled, 

 carpels leathery, 1-4-seeded ; fruit fleshy, formed of the 

 thickened walls of the calyx-tube and ovary. 



I. PYRUS. 



Trees ; leaves simple, stipules small, deciduous ; flowers 

 in terminal cymes, large, white or pink ; calyx urn-shaped, 

 5-cleft, sepals acute ; petals rounded, short-clawed ; stamens 

 numerous ; styles 5, distinct or slightly united at the base ; 

 fruit pear-shaped, flesh with numerous hard grains. 



P. COMMUNIS L. Pear. A tree, often very large, head usually 

 pyramidal ; branches often thorny ; leaves thick and leathery, ovate 

 or oval, acute, finely serrate or entire, pubescent when young, becom- 

 ing smooth with age ; petioles slender ; cymes few-several-flowered, 

 terminal, and at the ends of " fruit spurs " grown the previous sea- 

 son ; flowers white ; styles not united ; fruit obovate. INIarch-April. 

 A European and Asiatic tree common in cultivation. 



II. MALUS. 



Trees or shrubs ; leaves simple, toothed or lobed, stipules 

 deciduous ; flowers cymose, white or pink ; calyx tube urn- 

 shaped, 5-lobed, lobes acute, spreading, persistent; styles 

 2-5, mostly 5, united at the base ; ovary 5-celled, seeds 1-4 

 in each cell ; fruit globose, usually depressed or hollowed at 

 the extremities, flesh without hard grains. 



1. M. ANGUSTiFOLiA (Ait.) Michx. Crab-apple. A small tree 

 with smooth, light gray bark ; leaves lanceolate or oblong, serrate, 

 pubescent when young, acute at the base, short-petioled ; corymbs 

 few-flowered ; flowers pink, fragrant, about 1 in. broad ; styles 

 smooth, distinct; fruit nearly globose, about f in. in diameter, very 

 sour. March- April. In open woods. 



2. M. Malus (L.) Britt. Apple. A tree with a rounded top 

 and dark-colored bark ; leaves oval or ovate, obtuse or pointed, den- 

 tate or nearly entire, rounded at the base, smooth above, pubescent 

 beneath ; cymes few-many-flowered ; flowers large, white or pink ; 

 calyx pubescent; fruit depressed-globose to ovoid, hollowed at the 

 base and usually at the apex. March- April. Cultivated from 

 Europe. 



