DICOTYLEDONS. 153 



1. V. PALMATA L. Early Blue Violet. Acaulesceiit from a 

 tliick and scaly rootstock ; leaves loiig-peduncled, broadly cordate in 

 outline, the earlier nearly entire, the later with the lower part deeply 

 lobed or cleft, the npper part crenate or dentate ; petioles and pedun- 

 cles pubescent, peduncles becoming longer than the petioles; flowers 

 blue; lateral petals and style bearded; apetalous flowers on reflexed 

 peduncles abundant late in the season. February-June. Common 

 in dry woods. 



2. V. OBLiQUA Hill. ^Meadow Violet. Acaulescent from a 

 thick rootstock; leaves on long and slender petioles, not divided, 

 ovate to broadly reniform, apex mostly acute, the sides rolled inward 

 when young, crenate or dentate ; flowers blue or sometimes white ; 

 lateral petals bearded, often with darker veins; stigma beakless. 

 February-June. Common on low ground. 



3. V. pedata L. Bikd's-foot Violet. Acaulescent from a 

 thick, erect rootstock ; smooth or nearly so ; leaves oi-bicular or reni- 

 form, deeply j^arted into numerous linear or narrow lobes which are 

 often toothed at the apex ; peduncles longer than the petioles, 

 bracted; flowers mostly blue,- the upi)er petals sometimes darker, 

 whole flower occasionally white ; petals not bearded ; apetalous 

 flowers none. ISIarch-May. On dry hills. 



4. V. ODOKATA L. English Sweet Violet. Tufted from 

 stoloniferous rootstocks, smooth or somewhat pubescent; leaves 

 round-cordate, crenate; peduncles bracted, longer than the petioles; 

 flowers blue or sometimes white, very fragrant; petals not bearded; 

 apetalous flowers abundant late in the season. February-^NIay, or 

 all the winter. Common in cultivation. 



O. V. PUIMUL.KFOLIA L. PhIMKOSE-LEAVED ViOLET. Root- 



stock slender, i)roducing numerous long runners rooting at the Joints; 

 leaves ovate, crenate, smooth or hairy, decurrent on the long petiole; 

 peduncles longer than the leaves; flowers white; petals often acute, 

 the lower ones bearded and veined with purple. March-,June. On 

 low ground. 



0. V. iiastata Michx. IIalhekd-leaved Violet. Perennial; 

 stem smooth or hairy, simple, ascending or erect, 0-l*J in. high ; 

 leaves deltoid-ovate, often hastate-lobed, crenate; stipules small, 

 entire; flowers yellow, on axillary [uMluncles ; lateral petals beardrd. 

 tlir lowri- with purple veiiis. April May. Shaded hillsides. 



7. y. iKicoLou L. Pansy. Annual; stem snicKttli <n- liairy. 

 angled, dill'iise; leaves ()vat<* to spatulate, irregularly crenate-dentate ; 

 stipules large, foliaceous. toothed or pinnatitid; tl(twers of many 

 colors, ("oninioii in gardens. 



M. \'. ri.M.i.LA .Muhl. Field Paxsv. .Vnnual; stems slender, 

 giabrons, angled, erect, ")-<S in. high; leaves petioled, mostly orbicu- 

 lar, crenate or dentate ; stipules large, toothed and pinnatitid; flowers 



