DICOTYLEDONS. 165 



V. SANICULA. 



Perennial or biennial herbs ; stems erect, glabrous ; leaves 

 long-petioled, palmately divided; umbels compound, few-rayed, 

 involucre leaf-like, umbellets few-flowered, involucels small ; 

 flowers yellow or purple ; fruit flattened laterally, carpels not 

 ribbed but armed with hooked bristles. 



S. IVIarilaxdica L. Black Sxakeroot. Perennial; stem stout, 

 nearly simple, 2-3 ft. high ; leaves palmately 5-7-parted, the divi- 

 sions ol)ovate or oblanceolate, toothed; lower leaves long-petioled, the 

 iip])er sessile ; umbels of 2-4 long rays, leaves of the involucre 3- 

 l>aited ; umbellets with numerous staminate flowers, pistillate flowers 

 few; petals greenish-white; styles elongated and conspicuous, re- 

 curved ; fruit ovoid, with 5 large oil tubes. May-June. In dry 

 woods. 



01. CORNACEiE. DOCnVOOD FAMILY. 



Trees or shrubs ; leaves simple, alternate, opposite or ver- 

 ticillate, usually entire, exstipulate ; flowers perfect, polyga- 

 mous or dioecious, cymose or capitate ; calyx tube coherent 

 with the ovary, 4-5-toothed or truncate; petals 4-5 or want- 

 ing; stamens 4-10, inserted with the petals in the disk at the 

 top of the ovary ; ovary 1-2-celled, style long or short; fruit 

 a berry-like, 1-2-celled, 1-2-seeded drupe. 



I. CORNUS. 



Shrubs or small trees ; loaves usually opposite or verticil- 

 late ; flowers i)erfect, in cymes or heads, the iieads subti'nded 

 by a large involucre; calyx tube minutely 4-t()()thed ; petals 

 4 ; stamens 4 ; stigma capitate or truncate ; fruit a 2-t'i'lh'd, 

 2-seeded drn})e. 



1. C. Fi.oiiiDA L. Fi,<)Wi.i;iN(; DiMiWooD. Snmll trcfs; hark 

 rough, black; leaves opposite, petioled, ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 

 entire, green and shining above, ])aler and often pubescent beneath; 

 llowers small, greenish, in heads which are subtended by 4 large, 

 white or ]»iid\, obcordate bracts, thickened and greenish at the sinus; 

 fruit ovoid, bri-lit yvi\. April May. In rich woods. 



