232 ELEMENTS OF BOTANY. 



II. ADOPOGON. 



Annual or perennial ; leaves mostly basal, entire, toothed 

 or pinnatifid ; heads long-peduncled, 15-inany-flowered ; in- 

 volucre of 6-15 nearly equal bracts in 1 or 2 rows ; recepta- 

 cle naked; flowers yellow or orange; rays truncate, 5-toothed 

 at the apex ; achenes short, oblong or top-shaped, 4-5-angled 

 and ribbed; pappus double, the outer row of short, chaffy 

 scales, the inner of slender bristles. 



1. A. ViRGiNicuM (L.) Kuntze. Goat's-bkard. Perennial; 

 vstem erect, smooth and glaucous, branched above, 1-2 ft. high ; 

 leaves oval to oblong, the lower long-petioled and toothed, the upper 

 sessile and often entire ; stem umbellately branched, bearing 2-5 long- 

 peduncled heads; involucral bracts 9-15; flowers orange; achenes 

 oblong, 15-20-ril)bed ; scales of the pappus oblong, numerous, bristles 

 slender, numerous. April-July. Common on sandy soil. 



2. A. Dandelion (L.) Kuntze. Goat's-beard. Perennial ; 

 acaulescent; roots often bearing small tubers; leaves spatulate- 

 oblong to linear, entire or toothed ; scapes often several, leafless, 

 glaucous, 6-15 in. high; heads single; involucral bracts 12-15; 

 flowers yellow ; achenes somewhat top-shaped, obscurely 4-angled ; 

 pappus of numerous short scales and slender bristles. March-May. 

 Common on damp soil. 



3. A. Carolinianum (Walt.) Britt. Carolina Goat's-beard. 

 Annual ; nearly acaulescent ; leaves spatulate-oblong, mostly lyrate 

 or pinnatifid, glaucous or slightly pubescent ; scapes several, glau- 

 cous, 3-12 in. high; involucral bracts 6-15, in 2 irregular rows, 

 reflexed at maturity ; flowers yellow; achenes top-shaped, 5-angled; 

 pappus of 5 short and rounded scales and 5-10 rough bristles. 

 February-May. On dry, sandy soil. 



III. TARAXACUM. 



Perennial ; acaulescent ; leaves all basal, entire or pinnatitid ; 

 scapes often several, tubular ; heads large, solitary ; involucre 

 double, the outer several irregular series of unequal, spread- 

 ing bracts, the inner a single row of equal, erect bracts which 

 are somewhat united at the base, all reflexed at maturity ; 

 receptacle naked ; flowers yellow ; rays truncate, 5-toothed at 

 the apex; achenes oblong, with 5-10 roughened nerves, taper- 

 ing into a slender beak above ; pappus of numerous white 

 hairs. 



