INTRODUCTION. 45 



Richard, Mirbel, Agardli, R. Brown, Lindley 

 and others. 



Meantime as early as 1802 I began to per- 

 ceive the necessity of rectifying the presumed 

 Orders of Jussieu, and after many observations 

 in both hemispheres, I pubhshed my Natural 

 Classes in 1814, and my 06 Natural Orders in 

 1815. Twenty years of additional researches 

 have convinced me that they need but little ad- 

 ditions, unless we change their Sections into Or- 

 ders ; but that altho' I had increased their farni- 

 lies to 310, they may now become about 400. 



I have only published my Chloris Etnensis 

 1815, Florula Ludoviciana supl. 1817, Annals 

 of Nature 1820, according to this arrangement. 

 But it is susceptible of general application any 

 where : and every Genus finds its place in it, 

 because it is both natural and analytical. Every 

 one of the 2000 New genera or plants of this 

 work, will easily be refered to my Orders, if 

 not to my families, by any one acquainted with 

 analytical Botany 



Therefore I shall proceed to give tabular 

 views of my Classes and Orders, with their es- 

 sential analytical Characters, comparative and 

 distinctive of each ; the examples and types are 

 both in my New families, and some quotations 

 of Jussieu's. 



Table of Nahiral Classes. 



I. Primary Class. Endogenia or Dicotylia 

 or Mesotylia. The Endogenes or Dicotyles 

 or Mesotyles — Trees, Shrubs, Vines or Plants; 

 stems and roots vascular jfibrose, vessels and 

 fibres in concentric layers, around a central 

 pith or cellalar hollow. Outward bark or epi- 

 <lermis, often woody beneath it. Leaves often 

 articulated or opposite, nerves commonly reti- 



