36 



PINACEAE 



Cedar ami White Fir. The larg-est of all pines. Wood liii'ht, soft, straight- 

 grained, of high commercial value. 



Eefs. — Pixus L.iMBERTl.iXA Douglas, Trans. Linn. Soc. vol. 1.5, p. 500 (1S27), type loe. 

 Umpqua River Mts., Oregon, DoiufJax ; Comp. Bot. Mag., vol. 2, pp. 92, 106, 107, 130, 1.52 

 (1836); Sudworth, 21st Rep. U. S. Geol. Sur. pt. 5 (For. Res.), p. 522 (1900); Jepson, Fl. 

 W. Mid. Cal. p. 20 (1901). Sugar Pine, Cooper, For. Service Bull. no. 69 (1906). 



3. P. albicaulis Engelm. White-bark Pine. (Fig. 1.) Subalpine tree, 

 usually dwartisli or prostrate; trunk i/o to 2 feet in diameter, often with 2 or 3 

 main stems from the base. 2 to 40 feet high ; bark thin. Avhitish and smooth, or 

 fissured into scaly plates on the main trunk; needles in os. 1 to 2io inches long, 

 persisting 5 to 7 years. den.sely clothing the tips of the slowly growing branchlets ; 

 catkins scarlet ; cones ovoid or subglobose. yellowish brown, 1 to 3 inches long 

 and nearly as thick ; scales broad and rounded at apex with a short acute umbo, 

 not overlapping closely but their tips strongly thickened and either projecting 

 freely or presenting very bluntish points; seeds obovate, acute, not compre.ssed 



or only on one side, obscurely mar- 

 gined towards the point, 14, to ' ^> 

 inch long; wing narrow, usually 

 persistent on the scale; cotyledons 

 7 to 9. 



Subalpine on the Sierra Nevada, 

 southward to the San Bernar- 

 dino ilts.. north to British Colum- 

 l)ia and easterly to the Rocky 

 Mts. In the Coast Ranges it oc- 

 curs on a few high peaks (Salmon 

 ]\Its., 3Iarble Mt.). In the Sierra 

 Nevada it is a timber line tree, 

 lietween 8.000 and 10.000 feet in 

 the south and 6,000 to 8.000 feet 

 in the north, forming a very thin 

 ;ind scattered scrubb\- growth on 

 exposed slopes. Where winter 

 snows accnmulate to great depth 

 on plateaus or in cirqnes it occurs 

 as low trees only 2 or 3 feet high 

 but with a flat or table-like top (3 

 to 10 feet broad. 

 Refs. — PiNUS ALBICAULIS Engelmann, Trans. St. Louis Acad. vol. 2, p. 209 (1803), type loc. 



Oregon Cascades, Neivherry ; Merriam, Biol. Sur. Mt. Shasta, pp. 39, 137 (1899). P. flexilis 



var. (ilbicatihs Engelmann in Bot. Cal. vol. 2, p. 124 (1880). 



4. P. flexilis James. Limber Pine. Tree 10 to 60 feet high with a short 

 trunk 1 to 3 feet in diameter ; needles in 5s, 1 to 2i/4 inches long, often curving, 

 densely clothing the ends of the branchlets and forming a sort of brush ; catkins 

 reddish ; cones buff or olive-bnff, gloliose to long-ovate, 2 to 5 inches long ; 

 scales broad with ronnded slightly thickened tips and terminal scar-like umbo, 

 overlapping rather closely and leaving only a narrow portion free on the 

 upper side the scale; seeds nearly oval, markedly compressed, surrounded by 

 an acute margin, 4 or 5 lines long; wing narrow, generally persistent on scale; 

 cotyledons 6 to 9. 



Fui. 1. Pixus albicaulis Engelm. 

 cone; b, seed. uat. size. 



<;, Closed 



